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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what do you have to do first when doing a neuro exam
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remember what normal is
and signalment |
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what is the goal of neuro exam?
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establish whether a neuro problem is present and to determine the anatomic location of the problem
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what is a common neuro dz of thoroughbreds?
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wobblers
fast growing -> abnormally growing cartilage in the neck |
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what historical things do you need to know when performing a neuro exam?
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duration/ progression
diet, recent changes, stresses, injuries vaccination history, herd problems |
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when you see a seizure where can you localize the lesion to
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cerebral cortex
evidence of sz supports dx of 1' brain dz indicates need for further dx procedures |
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how can you assess reflexes?
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use a capped needle to
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horners- which thoracic vertebrae?
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T1-T3
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how can horners be caused?
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damage to sympathetic fibers
brachial plexus avulsion injury to cr. thoracic spinal cord cervical sympathetic trunk injury -trunk/hematoma/trauma guttural pouch dz |
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clnicial signs of horners
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ptosis
enophthalmos prolapse of 3rd eyelid miosis sweating along affected side |
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grade 0 neuro scale
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no deficincies observed
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grade 1 neuro scale
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subtle deficits- may not be able to pick up need to perform manipulative tests to see deficits
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grade 2 neuro scale
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deficits seen, often confused with lameness
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grade 3 neuro scale
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deficits seen RARELY confused with lameness
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grade 4 neuro
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severe deficits, horse falls easily
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grade 5 neuro
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horse is recumbent
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why would you blindfold a horse
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to test hearing
VESTIBULAR DZ |
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why does blindfolding a horse with vestibular dz have an effect
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if you take the horizons away from a horse with vestibular dz they will be extremely ataxic
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assessment of gait
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is there:
paresis ataxia hypometria hypermetria proproceptive deficits |
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how do you test for paresis
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you back them up, if there feet drag
and if you pull their tail and their back legs get tangled up |
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what is paresis
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weakness
toe dragging and wear "bounce" to stride difficulty backing muscle fasciculation |
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what is ataxia
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incoordination
inability to finely coordinate muscle activity during voluntary movement inconsistent foot placement side-to-side motion |
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navicular dz causes what kind of walking
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can look like hypermetric
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what are tests for ataxia?
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circling
incline obstacles move with head elevated blindfold |
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hypometria
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ataxia characterized by under-reaching
decreased motion at joints limb "stiffness" |
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hypermetria
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ataxia characterized by over-reaching
exaggerated joint motion high-stepping gait |
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proprioceptive deficits
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loss of perception of the movements and position of the body and limbs
independent of vision |
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CS of proprioceptive deficits
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abnormal stance
abnormal/inconsistent foot placement side to side motion of the trunk (swaying) |
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what do you have to do to the horse to get an AO CSF
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general anesthesia
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when is AO contraindicated
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increased ICP
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what can you see with increased ICP
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papple edema in back of the ey
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where do you put a horse to do a CSF?
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in a chute
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where will you do a a prep for a CSF
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L6-S1
pick up tail you can feel a divit |
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what should CP be for CSF
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clear
low TP <100 mg/dl low cellularity <6 WBC No RBCs |
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xanthochromia
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yellow-brown CSF- might have excess protein or following a hemorrhage
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what if you get black CSF out of a grey horse
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relax its just melanin
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how many rads do you need to get the entire neck?
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3-4 films
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when do you do a myelogram?
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when you think something is compressing the spinal cord
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how do you do a myelogram of the neck
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flat/ plain films first
then give GA pre-treat with NSAIDs have to move the neck in several positions |
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what are possible problems that can occur with performing a myelogram
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can make the CS worse from messing with the lesion.
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when will you NOT perform a myelogram
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when there is increased ICP
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when is it normal for a "compression" to occur when doing an myelogram
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the ventral aspect if the dorsal aspect is also compressed- then you know there is something wrong
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what needs to be on the top of you d/dx for neuro signs of any mammal?
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rabies
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is rabies a core vaccine for a horse?
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yes
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is rabies reportable
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yup
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