Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
VI
|
Abducens
M- abduction of eye |
|
|
VII
|
Facial
S- tongue M- facial expression |
|
|
Spinal Cord Ataxia
Type II Et |
Arthritic change in older horses
- inflammation >> compression predilection to caudal cervical vertebrae |
|
|
West Nile Virus
CS |
- Mild illness
- spinal cord disease - fasiculations >> tremors >> spasms - (dead birds) |
|
|
Sacral Fracture
Tx |
- TLC and Rest ~6 mos
- symptomatic for cauda equina --- rectal evacuation --- urinary catheter - guarded Px |
|
|
Cauda Equina
CS |
- Retentionof urine & feces
- Loss of tail and anal tone - Loss of sensation: tail and perineum - atrophy of pelvic limbs |
|
|
Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis
Dx |
- Western blot or PCR on CSF
--- only r/o nothing proves protozoal presence |
|
|
IV
|
Trochlear
M- eye movement |
|
|
Cerebellar Ataxia
CS |
- altered gait
- excessive head movements |
|
|
Ataxia Grading
|
1- Evident to trained eye
2- Evident to owner 3- severe 4- Going to fall over |
|
|
Spinal Cord Ataxia
Type I Dx |
- Radiograph C3-C4
- measure cranial vertebral body - compare to width of cord at intervertebral space --- <50% ratio is bad (body:cord) |
|
|
Vestibular Ataxia
CS |
- Staggering and tilting of body and head
- Little stuttering steps - May only be apparent when blindfolded if chronic |
|
|
List of Cranial Nerves
|
Olfactory
Optic Occulomotor Trochlear Trigeminal Abducens Facial Vestibulocochlear Glossalpharyngeal Vagus Hypoglossal Accessory |
|
|
VIII
|
Vestibulocochlear
S- balance, equilibrium and sound |
|
|
Foal Septicemia
Tx and Px |
- TMPS
- NSAIDs Px grave especially with meningitis |
|
|
Sacral Fracture
Dx |
- Rectal palpation
- Crepitus with rocking - Radiographs |
|
|
Spinal Cord Ataxia
Type II Dx |
- Radiograph and look for boney change
|
|
|
Equine Herpes Myeloencephalopathy
Tx |
- Early Dexamethasone >> decrease inflammation
- oral antivirals: acyclovir - oral antiviral pro-drugs: valacyclovir |
|
|
West Nile Virus
Prevention |
VACCINE
2x per year |
|
|
Foal Septicemia
CS |
- Head low & rigid neck
- CSF cloudy >> WBC and bacteria - NO PYREXIA |
|
|
Epilepsy
Et |
congenital in Arab foals
2' to structural lesion |
|
|
Epilepsy
CS |
- injuries with unknown cause
- sudden onset with few pre seizure signs - pre and post ictal behavior |
|
|
West Nile Virus
Tx |
- Nursing
- 40% mortality but full recovery for survivors |
|
|
V
|
Trigeminal
S- Facial skin M- mastication |
|
|
XII
|
Hypoglossal
M- Tongue |
|
|
Differential for Brainstem/cranial nerve signs
|
- Facial Nerve trauma
- EPM: US and transported horses - Polyneuritis Equi - Fracture of petrous temporal |
|
|
II
|
Optic
S- vision |
|
|
Spinal Cord Ataxia
Type II Tx |
Surgical fixation of the joint
Grave Prognosis |
|
|
XI
|
Accessory
M- Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius |
|
|
Hepatic Encephalopathy
Et |
- Ragwort Toxicity
--- Pyrrolizidine most common forebrain disease |
|
|
Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis
CS |
- Many and variable
--- ataxia --- facial paresis Suspect in any neuro case in US or US history |
|
|
III
|
Occulomotor
M- pupil contraction and eye movement |
|
|
Equine Herpes Myeloencephalopathy
Et and Ep |
- EHV-1
- outbreaks in the US - 40% morbidity - 90% mortality |
