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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the broad 3 causes of dysphagia?
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1) Oral
2) Pharyngeal 3) Oesphageal |
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Causes of oral dysphagia?
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Dental problems
Fractures Disorders of the tongue/botulism FB Neoplasia |
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Clinical signs of oral dysphagia
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Unwilling to eat
Quidding Excess salivation Pain on chewing Visualisation of FB |
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Causes of pharyngeal dysphagia
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congenital N/M pharyngeal
Cleft Palate Guttural pouch mycosis Strangles infection Botulism Heavy metal Poisoning (lead) Naso-pharyngeal FB Tumors of Guttural Pouch- (LymphoSarcoma/melanosis) Guttural pouch Dz |
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Clinical signs of pharyngeal dysphagia due to congenital
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food/milk down foals nose
Coughing after suckling inhalational pneumonia |
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Prognosis for cleft palate
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Hopeless- surgery difficult and rarely sucessful
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Why does guttural pouch mycosis cause pharyngeal dysphagia?
(What else can it cause?) |
Aspergillus infection damages branches of 9th , 10th, 11th cranial nerves
(can also damage carotid artery, cause horners syndrome) |
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How do you treat guttural pouch mycosis?
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Lavage with anti fungal (natamycin)
Ligate internal carotid if problem |
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What does strangles cause in the horse?
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Retropharyngeal abscessation
accumilation of pus in gutteral pouches compression of nasopharynx dysphagia |
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Treatment of strangles?
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Said in early cases can give penicillin- efficacy questionable
Isolate cases Drain gutteral pouches by feeding off ground, lavaging them out, rarely sx |
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Why does botulism/heavy metal poisoning cause dysphagia?
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By weakness of all skeletal muscles but the pharyngeal seem to be lost first
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What usually causes choke?
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sugar beet pulp
pelleted food (obstruction of lumen) |
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Cx signs of choke?
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sudden onset of distress
salivation dysphagia bilateral nasal discharge containing food severe= dehydration, hypochloremia |
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Dx of choke?
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Inability to pass NG tube, palpation of cervical oesphagus
Or Endoscopically |
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Tx of choke?
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Horse should be starved and taken off all bedding (as to not eat it)
Start with medical: - Spasmolytics (buscopan) - Sedatives (Acepromazine, romifidine) - I/V fluids if doesnt work (24hrs): - Gentile lavage of oesphagus in heavily sedated horse with head down - prophylactic antibiotics (aspiration) |
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Pathogenesis of oesophageal stricture
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scarring after ulceration of mucosa from recurrent OBS
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Treatment of
a)non-circumfrential strictures b)circumferential strictures |
a) feeding soft soaked hay
b) try balloon dilatation or resection but usually unsuccessful - euthanasia often required |
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What are the 2 types of oesophageal diverticulums?
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1) Pulsion diverticulum = developmental or rupture of muscular layers causing an outpouching of the mucosa
2) Traction diverticulum = scarring or adhesions of the layers of the lumen together |
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Which type of oesophageal diverticulum carries the best prognosis? and what are your treatment options for both?
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Better prognosis = traction diverticulum
tx: 1) traction- heal by 2nd intention 2) pulsion- surgical, inversion of the lumen and overly it with mersilene mesh |
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Is it common or rare to have oesophageal perforation in horses?
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RARE
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What can cause oesophageal perforation in horses?
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trauma:
FB Iatrogenic from sharp NG tube |
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Potential sequel to a perforated oesophagus?
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Cellulitis
Mediastinitis |
