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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are some unique features of equine dental anatomy?
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canine teeth present in most males > 4.5 yo
wolf teeth (PM 1): upper arcade, can be problematic PM4 can become trapped, impacted, or displaced medially b/c it is last cheek tooth to erupt eruption cysts: swelling of face & jaw (usually not present after 5 yo) upper jaw ~30% wider than lower jaw occlusal tables of cheek teeth sloped at 10-15º angle, dorsal lingual to ventral buccal when chewing, jaw moves in rotary motion from side to side: regulated by temporo-mandibular joint -slight maloclussion b’twn upper & lower arcades is normal -downward projecting hook develops on upper PM2 -upward projecting hook develops on lower M3 |
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What is the dental formula for the horse?
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upper: 3,1,3 (4: wolf tooth), 3
lower: 3,1,3,3 6 upper & lower incisors, 6 upper & lower cheek teeth on either side of mouth |
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What are the parts of a dental exam/procedure?
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hx, BCS, conformation, stable behavior (ex. cribbing, quidding: dropping wads of masticated feed)
percuss sinuses, palpate cheeks, assess d/c, facial swelling plan of action: equipment, stocks, ropes, halter, speculum (gag), chemical restraint, general anesthesia, light source rinse mouth, examine oral cavity, assess mandibular excursion insert speculum, palpate upper & lower arcades, probe cheek teeth infundibulae dental instruments (ex. molar cutters), rads, endoscopy |
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What is involved in floating teeth?
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remove sharp points
slightly level arcades, smooth hooks on 1st cheek teeth, restore 10-15º angle to occlusal surfaces equipment: mouth speculum, series of floats (carbide blades), float upper arcade w/o speculum -use angled molar float for rostral maxillary teeth, use long straight float for caudal maxillary teeth & lower cheek teeth, smooth rostral aspect lower PM2 (accommodate bit) |
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What are some clinical signs of dental dz?
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difficult or slow mastication
quidding, excess salivation, abnormal tongue movements, halitosis dental sinus or external fistula paranasal sinus empyema, nasal d/c head tilt while eating pain: cold water, teeth floating riding problems, head shaking: reluctance to take bit (young), behavior or performance change (adult) non-specific: wt. loss, discomfort &/or infection |
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What are some abnormalities of wear?
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incisor abnormalities very common: grinning, stepped or irregular, tilted, frowning appearance
-expect 10-20% of horses present for routine floating to require some incisor shaping sharp enamel points & hooks crib biting changes in grinding pattern -wave mouth: teeth have undulating pattern from front to rear -step mouth, shear mouth: lost, broken, or misplaced teeth -dystrophic bone dz: osteodystrophia fibrosa -mandibular fractures |
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What are some characteristics of
a. dental decay, pulpitis, infundibular necrosis b. periodontal dz |
a. caries of cementum
pulpitis may arise from tooth fx, periodontal dz, maleruption & lysis of alveolar bone in mandible: can lead to periapical osteitis tooth fractures can be pathological: following severe infundibular necrosis, confluence of adjacent infundibulae & subsequent splitting lower PM2, PM3, upper PM4 most frequently affected by dental decay, periodontal dz, & trauma b. most common dental disorder initial lesion: marginal gingivitis, lateral gingival sulcus becomes eroded, erosion of gingival tissue into periodontum, alveolar sepsis, tooth loss severe form: periodontal suppuration, loosening of teeth assoc. w/ abnormalities of wear periodontitis: occurs if abnormal occlusion & alterations in shearing forces healthy periodontum maintained by normal forces of mastication |
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What are some common dental disorders?
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retained deciduous caps
abnormalities of wear dental decay, pulpitis, infundibular necrosis periodontal dz infected tooth roots trauma dentigerous cysts maxillary or mandibular cysts neoplasia: rare |
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What are some dental considerations for older horses?
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recommend routine dental care biannually
retain healthy teeth, remove diseased tissues: loose teeth, root fragments avoid damage to residual tissue when floating teeth do NOT attempt to level wave mouth cut or rasp long teeth carefully to reduce step provide 5-7 d. course of ABs following extractions or if periodontal dz is evident horses w/ minimal crown visible or palpable: soft diet to maintain body condition -reliance on pasture or coarse fibrous hay --> wt. loss, colic |
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infected tooth roots (apical infection)
a. signs b. dx c. tx d. complications |
a.pain, maxillary sinusitis, unilateral fetid nasal d/c, halitosis, asymmetrical facial swelling
b. rads to ID affected tooth & root c. trephination or flap fx technique, ventral or lateral approach to mandible to expose tooth for repulsion into oral cavity or restorative procedure d. complications from repulsion: many, incl. feed impaction or foreign body |
