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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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2 methods of castration?
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Open- standing horse
Closed- Under GA |
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When should you not use the open technique?
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Scrotal hernia
Suspect cryptorchid Fractious horse Older than 3yo Donkeys |
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a) Advantage if open
b) disadvantage of open |
a) Less cost and no risk of GA
b) More difficult technique, increased risk of heamorrhage, eventration, infection |
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Do you use a ligature or an emasculator in the standing technique?
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emasculator
(ligature = FB reaction) |
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What is not excised in a closed catration?
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External vaginal tunic
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a) Advantages of a closed castration
b) Disadvantages of a closed castration |
a)
- Ligature used, better heamostasis - Less chance of post op herniation - A more thorough disinfection can be preformed, infections less common b) More expensive and risk of GA |
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a) How many and what gauge of suture is used?
b) What is done after ligature placement? |
a) 2 transfixing ligatures of 4-6 absorbable metric 2cm apart on the cord inc tunic and cremaster
b) it is the emasculated 2 cm distal to last ligature |
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Should the wound be closed or left open and why?
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It should be left partially open if worry about sterility of technique otherwise close with absorbable sutures
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4 Main complications of castration
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Haemorrhage
Post-op Infection Post-op wound odema Evisceration |
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After standing is bleeding okay? When is it not?
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Yes as long as can count the drops
If can't pack. If still problem its prob the testicular artery |
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When should you try and re ligate testicular artery?
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If more than 2 literes of blood is lost
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What should you make sure the horse has had before castration?
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Tetanus VACC and if not give tetanus antiserum
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What would you see clinically if a horse got an infection at the site?
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Febrile
Swollen scrotum/prepuce Stiff in their hindquarters |
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What can you do to help prevent infection at the castration site?
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Make sure wound is large enough to prevent premature constriction of wound --> allows good drainage
+/- prophylactic antibios |
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a) What is champignon?
and b) What do you do about it? |
a) It is mushroom shaped protrusion due to infected granulation tissue due to Strep. zooepidemicus
b) Scrotal wound should be reopened and evacuated + 3 day course of antibiotics + lavage in lukewarm disinfectant |
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What is infection of the spermatic cord called?
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Funiculitis
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What is a long term infection of spermatic cord called?
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scirrhous cord
(due to staph infection) |
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How do you treat scirrhous cord?
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DO a GA and dissect the whole fibrous mass. Excise the infected cord as deep into inguinal canal as possible
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How can you help reduce post op odema?
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Walk or ride (2-3x daily)
NSAID (phenylbutazone 3-5 days) |
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Is eviseration an ER?
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Yes- if of intestines
No- if omentum |
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How must you do a rig (cryptorchid)?
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Under GA
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If unsure if horse still has a testicle, what tests can you use?
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Resting oesterone sulphate assays (if >3yrs)
Measure testosterone levels before and after and HCG inj (< 3yo) |
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In an HCG functional test in a male with a retained testis, what would you expect?
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A significant rise in testosterone in the second sample
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