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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What divides the sections of the nasal cavity?
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Nasal septum |
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Why are equine prone to nose bleeds?
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Conchae is covered with highly vascular mucosa |
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What portion of the nose is the nasogastric tube and endoscope passed through?
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Ventral meatus |
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What part of the nose contains the odor sensory cells? |
Dorsal meatus |
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What are the three paranasal sinuses?
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Caudal maxillary sinus Frontal sinus |
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______ ______ sinus is located dorsal to _______ and ______ (what teeth) |
Rostral Maxillary PM1 and M1 |
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______ ______ sinus is located dorsal to ______ and _______ (what teeth)
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M2 and M3 |
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What anatomical reason makes horses an obligate nasal breathers?
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Oropharynx is usually closed to the pharynx by the soft palate except when swallowing
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Each guttural pouch hold how many mLs in the adult horse?
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300-500 mL |
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The dentition formula for deciduous teeth
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2( Di 3/3 DC 0/0 Dp 3/3) = 24 teeth |
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The dentition formula for permanent teeth
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2( I 3/3 C1/1 P3-4/3 M3/3) = 40-42 teeth |
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Eruption times for the permanent incisors? |
2nd: 3 1/2 years 3rd: 4 1/2 years |
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Eruption times for the permanent canine?
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4-5 years (if present) |
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Eruption times for the permanent pre-molars?
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PM2: 2 1/2 yrs PM3: 3 yrs PM4: 4 yrs |
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Eruption times for the permanent molars?
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M1: 9-12 mths M2: 2 yrs M3: 3 1/2-4 yrs |
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Dental cups
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black cavity in the middle of the occlusal surface in the incisors |
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Dental hooks
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hooks on the upper incisors
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Dental cups disappear on incisors during what years?
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disappear from I1 @ 6yrs disappear from I2 @ 7yrs disappear from I3 @ 8yrs |
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Dental hooks disappear and reappear from upper incisor during what years?
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I3 appears @ 7yrs disappears by 9yrs appears @ 11yrs |
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Galvayne's groove
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longitudinal groove on upper I3 which emerges from the gum line @ 10yrs; 1/2 way down tooth @ 15yrs and extends entire length of tooth @ 20yrs |
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The equine stomach hold ~ how many liters?
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5-15 L |
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Most reabsorption of fluids happen in what part of the small intestine?
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last 1/3 |
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Cecum is primarily located where in the abdomen?
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primarily in the right side of the abdomen |
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The cecum can hold how many liters?
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~30L
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The large colon has an ~ volume of how much? |
50-60 L |
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Microbial digestion of the large colon produces what?
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volatile fatty acids that are absorbed and used as nutrients |
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What is the common site for feed impactions?
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Pelvic flexure |
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The Liver lies where in the body?
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3/5 lies in right cranial abdomen
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What gives equine urine its characteristic cloudiness and why?
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calcium carbonate that forms crystals due to being an obligate calcium excreter |
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Horses in renal failure will show what?
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hypercalcemia from inability to excrete calcium |
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vertebral formula
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C7 T18 L6 S5 Cy15-21 |
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How many carpal bones are there? |
7 carpal bones |
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What is the medical name for the fetlock joint?
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Metacarpal-phalangeal joint |
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order of tendons from superficial to deep?
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deep digital flexor tendon suspensory ligament |
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What is the purpose of the stay apparatus?
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Allows the horse to stand @ rest for long periods of time w/virtually no muscular effort |
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The reciprocal apparatus does what?
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the hock and stifle flex and extend in unison |
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The frog and the underlying digital cushion provide what for the horse?
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Aids in the absorption of concussion as the foot impacts the ground |
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What is the field of vision?
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300'
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What colors can horses see?
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NOT red |
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Corpora nigra |
Small black granules attached to the margin of the pupil |
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What is the normal PCV |
32%-48% |
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What is unique about light breeds when it comes to PCV
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They have higher PCV to draft breeds
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What is the most prominent feature of Equine RBCs
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Rouleaux |
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What can cause the PCV to rise as much as 50%?
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excitement and exercise |
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Fibrinogen can be helpful when?
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evaluating the presence of active inflammation |
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Bilirubin causes what to turn colors?
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turns serum yellow |
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SDH liver enzyme stands for and shows what? |
increase indicate hepatocellular damage |
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GGT liver enzyme stands for and shows what?
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increase indicate cholestatic disease |
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Creatine phosphokinase is a what?
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Muscle enzyme |
