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212 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Stallion |
Male horse that has not been castrated. |
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Gelding |
Castrated horse. |
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Sire |
Male horse, donkey, goat, pig, sheep or cow that has offspring. Father. |
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Mare |
Adult female horse |
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Dam |
Female horse, donkey, goat, pig, sheep or cow that has offspring. Mother. |
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Pony |
Horse that is less than 14 hands (4 inches x 14) tall at the withers. Compact build. Bred for labor, sport, and pleasure. |
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Colt |
Intact male up to 4 years old |
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Filly |
Intact female up to 4 years old. |
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Foal |
Nursing baby, less than 1 year. |
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Weanling |
Not nursing baby, less than 1 year |
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Yearling |
Considered this Jan 1 after the year of birth. |
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Foaling |
Birthing of horses |
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Jack |
Male adult donkey |
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Jenny |
Female donkey |
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Other names for donkeys |
Ass, burro |
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Mule |
Offspring of Jack and Mare. Infertile. |
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Hinny |
Offspring of Stallion and Jenny. Infertile. Smaller, rarer than a mule. |
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Horse family tree |
Eohippus, Oligohippus, Merychippus, Pliohippus, Modern horse.Developed from multi-toed to single hoofed animals. |
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Equus callabus |
All modern horse breeds. |
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Przewalksi's Horse |
Last remaining breed of wild horse. Endangered species. Native to mongolia. May be a seperate species. |
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Draft breed |
Large, heavy boned horse breed. Bred for harness, war horses, and other work. |
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Light breed |
Horse breed that is over 14 hands. Lighter bones than draft breeds.Bred for work, sport and pleasure. |
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Miniature horse |
Horse breed that is the replica of a full-sized horse. Bred as companions and harness horses. Must be smaller than 34 inches at the withers. |
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GAIT |
The motions, beat, and speed of the horse's movement. Used to assess lameness. |
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Walk |
Natural gait. Slow, 4 beat diagonal gait. |
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Trot |
Natural gait. Medium speed 2 beat diagonal gait. |
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Canter |
Natural gait. Faster 3 beat diagonal gait. Called lope in the western. |
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Gallop |
Canter that is 'way too fast'. |
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Pace |
Replaces trotting. 2 beat lateral gait built for speed. 2 left legs first, then 2 right legs. |
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Most Standardbreds ____ on the racetrack |
Pace. Faster for them.
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Trot; 4;3 |
Naturally gaited horses don't ____, but have a ____ beat lateral gait in ___ speeds |
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Slow gait and rack |
Saddlebreeds are trained to ____ _____ and _____ |
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Racking |
High stepping gait, 4-beat lateral gait. |
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Hot-blooded breeds |
Type A personalities. High spirited and high energy. the Arabian and Thoroughbred. |
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Cold-blooded breeds |
The nerds. Low stress, no nonsense, bred for work breed. Draft horses. |
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Warm-blooded breeds |
The performers. Even tempered but energetic. Riding horses. |
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American Saddlebred |
Developed in colonial America as a riding and cavalry 15-17 hands, high tail carriage, straight back, naturally 3 gaits but trained at 5. Come in all colors. versatile under saddle or in harness. |
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American Saddlebred. |
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Andalusian |
Purebred Spanish horse. 15 hands, usually white or light gray. Heavy neck and chest, lean quarters. Cavalry mounts. Intelligence and elegance. |
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Andalusian |
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Appaloosa |
Introduced by Spanish settlers. Developed by the Nez Pierce Indians. Spotted or mottled coat color white sclera, spotted hooves. Sport and pleasure. White butt with spots. |
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Appaloosa patterns. |
Blanket, leopard (spots), Roan, or combination |
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Arabian |
Century old lineage equine breed from Bedouin tribes in India. Dished face, prominent eye, wide nostril, small ears, long arching neck. 14.2-15.2 in height. Pleasure riding and driving. Long sloping shoulder, broad chest, short back, high tail carriage. Main breed for modern sport horses. Gray, chestnut, bay, roan and black in color. |
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Belgian |
Equine breed that is heavy and powerful. Most chestnut and roan colored, blonde hair on tail and markings, feathered fetlocks, cropped tail. Cold blooded. Most popular draft horse in the US. Once working horses. |
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British Isles Ponies |
Moors Ponies that include Dales of Yorkshire, ell Pony, Highland, Shetland, Kerry Bog, New Forest Pony, Welsh Pony. Bred to work in mines. |
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Buckskin |
Color breed. Any horse with black tails, mane and marking with a light cream to dark gold, and white markings on lower legs. |
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Chincoteague Pony |
Wild ponies descendent from Assateague Island in Maryland and Virginia. Spanish shipwreck survivors. Sold for population control. 'Misty of _______ ' |
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Cleveland Bay |
English Sporthorse, 16 hands high, well muscled, bay color with no white markings. Feet are important. |
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Clydesdale |
Native to Scotland, max of 18 hands, feather fetlock hair, open forehead, slumped shoulders, short back, round hooves. Budweiser horses |
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Friesan |
Flashy horse, large, black, native to Holland, long flowing mane and tail, leg feathering. Used to carry knights, heavy and elegant movement. |
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Hackney |
Carriage horse, England in the 1800s for pulling carriages, small or ponies, bay brown or black, high stepping gait. |
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Hanoverian |
German warmblood used for riding, known for even temperament, floating trot and ground-covering walk. Selective breeding. |
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Lipizzaner |
Classical Riding Horse (title) in Austrian school, only 6 studs form bloodline of the breed. Horse of Battle and Ballet |
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Lusitano |
Agile, elevated movement known for agility and used for bullfighting. Descendant of Andalusian of Spain. Glass of champagne horses. |
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Missouri Fox Trotting Horse |
Old Fox, chestnut horse. Ozark hills in the 1800s. Distinct trot. Trail riding and working livestock |
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Mongolian |
North China. Short, wiry mane. riding, working, milk, and meat. |
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Morgan Horse |
Figure from " Justin _____ Had a Horse " . Bay, brown or chestnut. American legend in 1791. Unknown parentage. Arabian head, perfect light horse. |
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Mustang |
AKA American Fennel Horse by US BLM. Used by Native Americans on Great Plains. Overpopulation and interference with farming. |
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Noric (Noriker) |
Branding used to identify, ancient breed from Austria. Draft horse. |
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Norweigan Ford |
Oldest Norweigan Breed, viking war horse. Ancestor of all present-day draft breeds. Dun color, stripes on fetlock. 13-14 hands. |
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Oldenburg |
German sport horse who must fit specific guidelines for "premium stallion" breeding. Black or gray carriage horses. |
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Paint Horse |
APHA, AQHA, and Thoroughbred registered. Conformation requirements with distinct colors. Western stock horse type. Limited to horses documented and registered as Paint. |
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Tobiano |
American Paint Horse. Head markings like solid horse, white legs, regular spots, dark flanks, tail of both colors. |
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Overo |
American Paint Horse. May be predominantly white or colored, white doesn't cross back, bold head markings, solid color tail. |
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Palomino |
Color breed. Stock horse, cattlebreed and pleasure. Mane must be white, no more than 15% other colors, light to dark gold (coin). |
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Paso (Peruvian and Fino) |
Naturally gaited from Spain. Glass of wine balance. All colors. |
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Percheron |
Popular US World War 2 breed. Amish favorite. French draft breed with a dash of Arabian. Black, gray or dapple gray. |
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Pony of the Americas |
Developed in the 1950s. Size of a pony, color of a Appaloosa, build of a Quarter Horse x Arabian. Sport and pleasure. |
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Quarter horse |
Approved by the AQHA. Bred to race 1/4 mile. Rounded hindquarters, all colors, medium size, |
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Horse colors |
Black, Bay, Sorrel |
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Horse colors |
Chestnut, brown, buckskin |
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Horse colors |
Palomeno, Dun, Grullo |
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Horse colors |
Red Dun, Blue Roan, Red Roan. |
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Shire |
Largest draft breed. Bred to be medieval war horses. |
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Standardbred |
Fastest harness horse in the world. Hambletonian 10. Naturally trot, some pace. |
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Stuffolk Punch |
Non-feathered legs. Only acceptable color is chestnut. Eastern England. |
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Tennessee Walking Horse |
State walking horse. Owned by doctors and plantation owners. Natural gait. 4 gait, bobbing head, swinging ears. Running walk. |
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Thoroughbred |
Fastest in the world. 40 mph. Darley Arabian, Godolphin Arabian, Byerly Terk. 'look of the eagles' |
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Westphalian |
Have their own branding. Have standards for conformation, performance and progeny. Show horses. |
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Horse face markings |
Star, Snip, Stripe, Blaze |
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horse face markings |
Bald, Lip, Muzzle |
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Horse leg markings |
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Slide 64 |
For horses |
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Steer |
Castrated/neutered male bovine. Aside from meat and milk, by-products account for 10% of value. |
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Cow |
Intact female that can be bred, go through pregnancy, and give birth. |
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Heifer |
Young cow that has not had her first calf. |
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Calving |
Giving birth to calves |
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Freshening |
Process of dairy cow and goat calving. When she is milked. |
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Herd |
Group of cattle, goats or pigs. |
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Auroch |
Extinct ancestor of domestic cattle, last killed in 1627. Bos Primigenius |
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Meat breed |
Breed of cattle with doubled muscle. Bred for meat. |
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European breeds |
Bos taurus. Cattle originated in Europe and North Asia. Most common genetic type. |
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Zebu breeds |
Bos indicus. Cattle native to India and south Asia. Tolerant of heat and parasites. Humped back, floppy ears, dulap. |
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Composite |
Breed formed by breeding 2 or more standard breeds together in a standardized percentage. |
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50 |
Fewer than ________ species of animal are domesticated. |
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feral |
Domestic animal that has returned to the wild and is reproducing. |
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Grade |
Animal of uncertain ancestry that shows straits for a breed, or an unregistered purebred animal. |
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Landrace |
Old breed bred for production but not type. Greater genetic variation. |
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Scrub |
Animal of unknown origin without traits of a specific breed. |
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Registered |
Purebred animal with lineage documented in a breed association or society. |
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Standard breed |
Modern breed of cattle based on breed standard. |
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Strain |
Unique bloodline that concentrates on the genetics of a specific animal or animals. |
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Terminal Sire |
Male bovine used to produce offspring directly for slaughter. |
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Type |
Relates to how close an animal is to the ideal for a particular breed (phenotype) |
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black ; reddish black; red |
______ is the dominant cattle color, _________ is recessive to that, and ________ is recessive to that. |
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Homozygous |
White gene is epistatic, fully dominant over other genes. |
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Heterozygous |
White gene can cause shaded coat color and markings. |
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White face |
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Roan |
Intermingling of white and colored hair |
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Spotting |
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Color sided |
White stripe that runs down the back, goes to the tail. |
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Hereford |
white covers face, underbelly, and tail switch. White face is dominantly inherited. From England. Gentle, hardy, good performance in grass and feedlot. #1 breed. |
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Brindle |
Intermingling pattern of light and dark colored hair in a striped pattern |
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Size estimates for mature male cattle |
<1000 (very small), 1000-1200 (small), 1200-1500 (medium), 1500 > (large) |
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Cattle |
______ generate more than any other agricultural commodity. |
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20 |
Only ____ breeds of cattle in the US until the 1950s. Most were british breeds. |
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96 |
More than __ million cattle in the US. |
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Ayrshire |
North American Dairy Breed. Red and white with spots/speckles. Medium butterfat |
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Brown Swiss |
Light to dark brown, grayish to blackish brown. high butterfat and protein. From Switzerland.North American Dairy Breed. |
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Dutch Belted |
White belt on black or red hair. Small and from Holland. American Dairy Breed |
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Guersney |
Golden brown with white patches. Channel Islands off coast of France. Large in size. Golden _____ milk, which is richer than other milk. North American Dairy Breed |
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Holstein |
North American Dairy Breed. Work horse of the milk cow industry. Most common in US. Patches of black and white or red and white. Highest volume of milk of all dairy breeds. |
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Jersey |
Feminine, doe-like eyes. Brown color, dark points, occasional white markings. Smallest of dairy breeds |
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Angus |
North American Beef Breed. Popular in Louisiana. From Scotland. High quality, well marbled meat. "prime". Polled. #2 breed. |
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Dairy |
Longer, leaner breed of cattle. Feminine body type. |
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Ankole-Watusi |
Large, symmetrical horns. Can come in any color. From Africa. Easing calving, quick growth. High quality, low fat meat. NABB |
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Beefmaster |
Generally red. Horned or polled. From Texas. Hump and dulap reveal them to be a hybrid breed. Hardiness; gentleness. NABB |
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Bos Indicus (Brahman) |
Medium - dark grey with dark points. Prominent hump, dewlap and floppy ears. Originated in US. Developed from 4 breeds of Zebu cattle from India. Either sweet or mean. NABB |
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Brangus |
3/8 Brahman, 5/8 Angus. Solid black or red. Angus body type with hump. Polled. Originated in LA. High quality carcass, disease resistant, heat tolerant. Registered in a different breed association in the US. NABB |
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Braunvieh |
Beef version of the Brown Swiss. Brown, light to dark. NABB |
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Charolais/ Charbay |
Mostly white and large. Mainly horned, but polled lines. Fast growth, good carcass characteristics. 5/8 Charolais and 3/8 Brahman. Loose skin and dewlap show Bos Indicus. NABB |
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Corriente |
Mexican caw. Lean, all colors. Small. From Spanish stock Criolle. Arid habitats and rodeo roping stock. NABB |
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Gelbvieh |
Yellow cow. German. Used in crossbred beef production. NABB |
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Highland |
Blocky build, stout legs, long curly hair. Large horns. Known for hardiness and thiftiness. |
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Limousin |
#3 breed. Chestnut red originally. Horned or polled. Second of red cattle. Feed efficiency, good carcass, hardiness, mothering abilities. |
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Santa Gertrudis |
#3 of red cattle. Honey to deep red coat. Bulls show hump. King Ranch, Texas. America's original beef breed. Good hardiness in arid climate. Shorthorn and Brahman. |
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Shorthorn |
Breeding stock for a lot of cattle. Easy calving, good mothering, good beef production on grass. From Britain. |
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Simmental |
Large. Horned or polled. From Switzerland. Excellent milk production. Adaptable to many climates. |
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Texas Longhorn |
Long and lean bodies, different color patterns mostly roan. Long and impressive horns. From Texas. Icon of the West. Disease and parasite resistant, highly adaptable. |
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Wagyu |
Large, black or red, horned or polled, highly marbled meat, exceeding prime. From Japan. Kobe beef. Can go for hundreds for a pound. |
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Black Baldy |
Crossbred cattle. Angus + Hereford |
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Brahford |
Brahman + Hereford. Crossbred cattle. |
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Red Brangus |
#1 Red. Brahman + Angus. Crossbred Cattle |
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Look at slide 55 |
Cattle |
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Billy |
Intact male goat (Capra hircus) |
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Wether |
Neutered male goat |
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Nanny |
intact female goat |
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Kid |
Young goat. |
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Kidding |
Act of giving birth to a young goat. |
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Goat facts |
Multipurpose animals around the world, critical role in agriculture for thousands of years, used for meat, milk, fiber, skin, pack animals and weed control. |
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Characteristics of goats |
Small size, wide variety of feeds, browsing nature, reduced parasite problems, high feed-conversion efficiency. |
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Bezoar |
Capra aegagrus. Wild or feral goat species. Resembles an ibex. From Iran. Ancestor of all domestic goats. |
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Cashmere |
Fiber spun from the soft down hair layer under the outer hair of goats. |
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Mohair |
Fiber from the Angora breed: Unique type of hair without microscopic hairs around the surface. |
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Chevon, Caprito |
Goat meat |
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Boer |
Most common goat meat breed in the US. White body, reddish brown head, droopy ears, straight nose. Large. From S. Africa. Easy breeder |
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Toggenburg |
The Holstein of dairy goats |
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goat cow |
_____ milk is more easily digestible than ______ milk |
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Angora |
Goat raised for fiber. White with long droopy ears, and wooly tresses. Males have long open curled horns, females have short. From Turkey. Mohair production. |
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Kiko |
Outward horizontal swept horns. Popular meat in SE US, parasite and food rot resistance. Males have beard, forward flopping ears. |
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La Mancha |
Dairy goat. No ears (gopher, elf). Upright, curved to back horns. Good dairy production. From California. |
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Tennessee Fainting |
Myotonic. Meat or pet, usually black and white. Small. Sweeping or polled horns. Congenital and genetic trait of stiffening and falling over when scared. |
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Nigerian dwarf |
Variety of colors, males have beards. Upright or polled horns. From West Africa, excellent milk production and pleasant disposition. |
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Nubian |
Roman nose, big floppy ears 1 inch below muzzle, large, horns rise and curl back or are polled. England. High dairy production and good meat. |
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Pygmy |
Pets only. Agouti or caramel coat. Perky ears, medium coat. less than 23 inches tall. Small upright horns. Not cold-hardy. Favored pet breed. |
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Toggenburg |
Dairy goat. Gray-brown with white markings on head, tail and legs. medium to large. Upright curved back horns. From Switzerland. Consistently good milker. Known as the Swiss Alpine goat. |
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Pig |
Sus scrofus domesticus, porcine |
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Boar |
Intact adult male pig |
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Barrow |
Male neutered pig before maturity |
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Stag |
Male neutered pig after maturity. |
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Sow |
Adult female pig |
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Gilt |
Young female pig that hasn't given birth. |
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Pig |
Pig offspring. Not piglet. |
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Farrowing |
Giving birth to pigs |
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Litter |
Group of piglets born from one pregnancy. |
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Pig |
______ meat is the most widely consumed meat in the world. Were once on every family farm and in backyards. More than 60 million in the US, mostly in large industrial operations. |
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Feral hogs |
Reproducing in large numbers in LA. Harbor disease, damage property, and are hunted for meat. |
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Lard breeds |
Pigs used for fat. Shorter, more compact, and fatten quickly. Highly marbled meat. Poland, China, Berkshire |
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Bacon breeds |
Long, lean muscular framed pigs. Higher protein diets. Yorkshire, and Tamworth. |
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Modern meat |
Breeds selected for leaner genetics under confinement conditions. Crossbreeds using terminal sires or maternal lines. May have synthetic strains. Yorkshire, Hampshire, Duroc |
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Berkshire |
Modern meat, sire. Short snout and ears. From England. Known for flavorful, hardy meat. Good production on pasture. |
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Chester White |
Modern meat pig. White, medium floppy ears, rounded back . US origin. Good meat quality and production under conditions. |
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Duroc |
Modern meat from sires. Red skin, red hair, short floppy ears. Large. Must be skinned by commercial processors, excellent food conversion. Good meat. |
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Hampshire |
Black with white band around front. up and back ears. Modern meat; sire. US origin. Good production in confinement and on pasture. Good carcass quality. |
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Juliana |
New mini breed. Pet. Small, colorful spotting. Less than 40 pounds. Shape of full sized hog. US origin. |
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Landrace |
American breed from Iowa. Bacon/maternal. White, muscular, fine boned, long back, thin floppy ears. Excellent mother, large litters. Bred from Danish Landrace |
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Poland China |
Modern meat; sire. Black with white points on feet, tail and snout. Long, lean, and rugged. Droopy ears and short snout. Ohio. Top production per sow. Good quality in outdoor production. |
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Spotted |
Modern meat; sire. black and white spotted, 50% each color. Long and muscular. Dish face. Forward leaning ears. Indiana. Good outdoor production. |
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Vietnamese Potbelly |
Pet breed. Solid black or black and white. Fine bones, short legs, up ears, long snout. From Vietnam. Favored pet breed often spayed and neutered. Suffer from obesity. |
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Yorkshire |
American breed, from England. White, long straight back. Bacon/maternal. Large. Small upright ears, long dished face. Good mothering abilities and carcass traits. |
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Sheep |
Ovis aries, ovine. |
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Ram |
intact male sheep |
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Wether |
neutered male sheep |
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ewe |
intact female sheep |
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Lamb |
young sheep, ______ing is giving birth. |
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flock |
Group of sheep |
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Sheep |
Most common farm animal in the world. More than 200 breeds recognized. One of the first domesticated species. Used for meat, fiber and milk. |
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Sheep characteristics |
Good size for small scale producers, wide variety of feed, do well housed with 4-5 others as to move as a unit for protection and companionship. |
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Fine wool sheep |
Merino breeds of sheep. |
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Long wool sheep |
Sheep whose fleece popular among handspinners |
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Carpet wool sheep |
Coarse low grade wool sheep whose wool is used on carpets. |
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Hair sheep |
Sheep who lack wool. Found mostly in Africa or the Caribbean. Include fat tail sheep (meat/milk), short tailed breeds and primitive breeds. |
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Dorset |
Meat, fiber and dairy. White fleece, horizontal ears, large in size, curling or naturally polled horns. From England. Prolific meat production and foundation for crossbreeding. |
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Friesian Milk Sheep |
Dairy. White with long narrow face and rat tail. Large in size, naturally polled, from Germany. The "Holstein" of sheep, excellent milk production. |
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Gulf Coast |
Louisiana native breed used for meat and fiber. lean frame, wool free face, belly and legs. usually white. Horned or polled. high parasite resistance, disease tolerant, high humidity and heat tolerant. Small. |
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Hampshire |
Used for meat and fiber. Dark, wool free face and long horizontal ears. White fleece. Large and naturally polled. From England. Club and commodity lambs. |
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Lacaune |
Milk breed. White and angular with droopy ears and light wool. Medium size and naturally polled. From France. Used for milk and cheese production. |
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Merino |
Wool sheep who are white and ears grow down and forward. Wool free face with topknot. Ewes are polled, rams with impressive curling horns. US/Australia. Excellent wool quality and production on range. |
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Rambouillet |
Wool sheep, most popular in the US. French Merino. Ears grow down and forward, wool free face with topknot. Large. rams have curling horns. Excellent wool quality, and good production on range. |
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Shropshire |
Meat fiber and dairy breed. Tall back, black face legs and tail, and white fleece. Large and naturally polled. From England. Club lambs and good dual purpose production. |
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Southdown |
Meat, fiber and pet breed. White is most common, upright head, light wool, ears above horizontal, dark nose. Come in standardized (meat), baby doll (pet), and miniature toy(pet) breed. Naturally polled and from England. |
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Suffolk |
Meat and fiber breed. Black head, Roman nose, large droopy ears and white wool. Large and naturally polled. From England. Common club lamb and most common purebreed sheep in the US. |
