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9 Cards in this Set
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What is equilibrium? |
Meaning:- Balance |
Definition:- A state of balance, especially between forces or influences that are working in opposite ways. |
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1) Physical equilibrium |
Definition:-Physical equilibrium is defined as the equilibrium which develops between different phases or physical properties. In these processes, there is no change in chemical composition. It represents the existence of the same substance in two different physical states. |
Example:- H2O(s) ↽⇀ H2O(l) |
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2) Dynamic equilibrium |
Definition:- A reversible process is said to be in dynamic equilibrium when the forward and reverse processes occur at the same rate, resulting in no observable change in the system. Once dynamic equilibrium is established, the concentrations or partial pressures of all species involved in the process remain constant. |
Example:- NaCl(s) ⇌ Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq), |
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3) Chemical equilibrium |
Definition:- Condition in the course of a reversible chemical reaction in which no net change in the amounts of reactants and products occurs. A reversible chemical reaction is one in which the products, as soon as they are formed, react to produce the original reactants. |
Example:- H2 (g) + I2 (g) ⇌ 2HI (g) |
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4) Ionic equilibrium |
Definition:- The equilibrium established between the unionised molecules and the ions in the solution of weak electrolytes is called ionic equilibrium. |
Example:- salt solution, acid solution, base solution. |
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Types of Equilibrium? |
i)Unstable equilibrium ii)Stable equilibrium iii)Neutral equilibrium |
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i) Unstable equilibrium:- |
Definition:- A state of equilibrium of a body (as a pendulum standing directly upward from its point of support) such that when the body is slightly displaced it departs further from the original position — compare stable equilibrium. |
Example:- When the weather changes from freezing to hot to freezing rapidly and without reason. |
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ii) Stable equilibrium:- |
Definition:- A state of equilibrium of a body (such as a pendulum hanging directly downward from its point of support) such that when the body is slightly displaced it tends to return to its original position — compare unstable equilibrium. |
Example:- A weight suspended by a spring or a brick lying on a level surface. |
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iii) Neutral equilibrium:- |
Definition:- When the center of gravity of a body lies at the point of suspension or support, the body is said to be in neutral equilibrium. |
Example:- Rolling ball. Explanation:- If a ball is pushed slightly to roll, it will neither come back to its original nor it will roll forward rather it will remain at rest. |
