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37 Cards in this Set
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Psychological Assessment
Glossary Actuarial v Clinical Predictions |
Actuarial predctns r bsed on mpricly-valdtd r/s btwn tst rslts nd trgt crtria nd mk use of a rgrssn equtn, multpl rgrssn equtn, or simlr technq, whi clincl prdctns r bsed on th dcsn-mkr's ntuitn, xprnc, nd knwldg. Studes cmprng th 2 nthds hv gbrly found tht actuarila mthd alon is mre accurte thn clinicl judgmnt alon nd abt =ly accurt as a cmbntn of acturalia nf clncl mthds.
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Psychological Assessment
Glossary Aging and Intelligence (Processing Speed) |
Ncrsng age is assctd w/a dcres n speed of nfo prcssng as wel as dclnes n fluid (vs crystllzd), ntllignc.
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Psychological Assessment
Glossary Americans With Disabilities Act |
Th Americans w/disbltes Act of 1990 requis tht any tst admnstrd 2 a jb applcnt or mplye w/dsblty must accrtly meas th skils nd abilitys th tst was dsgnd to meas rthr tn rflct th xamnee's dsblty. It als mndts th mplyers mk resnbl accmdtns whn tstng dsbld xamnees.
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Psychological Assessment
Glossary Beck Depression Inventory-II |
The BDI-II cntans 21 itms tht addrss th mood, cgntv, bhvrl, nd physcl aspcts of drpssn. Th xamnee rtes es itm n trms of svrty on a 4-pt scl th rngs frm 0-3. th fllwng scor gudlns r usuly usd 4 indvl hu hv bn dx'd w/mjr dprssn: 0-13 = min dpr; 14-19 = mild dpr; 20-28 = modrt dprs; and 39-3 = severe dpr.
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Psychological Assessment
Glossary Bender-Gestalt |
Th bndr-Gstlt was orgnly dvlpd as a meas of visul-prcptul skls bt is als usd as an objctv technq 2 dtct bran damg nd Bndr Gstlt nvovs hvng xamnees copy 9 geomtrc figurs.
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Psychological Assessment
Glossary Big Five Personalit Traits |
Idntfctn of th "Bg Fiv" - extrovrsn, agreblnss, cnscintusnss, neurtcsm, nd opnss 2 exprnc - ws bsed on a lexicl apprch nd fctr analys.
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Psychological Assessment
Glossary Crystallized nd Fluid Intelligence |
Hon and Cattell propsd tht gbrl ntllgnc cn b dscrbd n ntrms of 2 typs - a crystllzd ntllgnc (Gc) rfrs 2 acquird knlwdg nd skls nd is affctd by eductnl nd culturl xperncs, wheras fluid ntllgnc (Gf) enabls an ndvdl 2 solv novl prblms nd 2 prceve rltns nd simlrtys nd duz nt dpnd on spcfc nstrctn.
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Psychological Assessment
Glossary Curriculum-Based Measurement |
crrclum-bsd msmnt (CBM) nvolvs periodic assmnt of schol-agd chldrn w/brief stndrdzd nd valdtd meas of bsic acadmic skls tht rflct th crrnt scho currculm.
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Psychological Assessment
Glossary Differental Validty |
A tst or othr prdctr hs dffrntl valdty whn it hs sbstntly dffrnt valdty corffcnts 4 membrs of dffrnt grps (e.g., men nd women). Dffrntl valdty is 1 caus of advrse mpct.
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Psychological Assessment
Glossary Domain-referenced Testing |
Domn-rfrncd tstng (or ntrprtn) nvolvs scorng an xamnee's tst prfrmnc n trms of hw mch xamnee has mastrd th doman bng assed. it is als knwn as cntnt- nd crtirion-rfrncd tstng
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Psychological Assessment
Glossary Dynamic Assessment & Testing the Limits |
Dynmc assmnt was dervd frm Vgotsky's mthd 4 evltng a child's mntl dvlpmnt nd nvolvs deliberat dviatn frm stndrdzd tstng prcdurs 2 dtrmn if xamnee hs ablty 2 prft frm asstnc or nstrctn. Tstng th lmuts, a typ of dynmc assmnt, nvolvs prvdng an xamnee w/sddtnl cues or prmpts. It is ordnrly don aftr stnd admnstrtn of th tsts 2 prsrv th applicblty of th tst's nrms.
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Psychological Assessment
Glossary Embedded Figures Test |
Th Enbdded Figrs tst is a meas of field dpndnc/ndpndnc. Chldrn w/autism tnd 2 find th mbdded figrs ncluded n ths tst fstr thn thr non-autistc peers.
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Psychological Assessment
Glossary Flynn Effect |
rerch by Flynn (1987) nd othrs shw tht Iq tst scors hv cnsistnly ncresed over the last 70 yrs n the US nd oth ndstrlzd cuntres. Th ncres - wch is rfrd 2 as th FLYNN EFFECT - nvolvs a rate of at least 3 IQ pts per decade nd is apprntly du prmrly 2 ncreses n fluid ntllgnc.
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Psychological Assessment
Glossary Gender-Related Differences in Cognitve Ability |
On meas of spcfc cgntv abltys, most studes hv fnd tht females do bttr on some tsts of vrbl ability, whl, males do bttr on crtn meas of spatial nd quntitatv skls, w/spatl skls shwng th lrgst gndr gap.
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Psychological Assessment
Glossary Heredity & Intelligence |
Crrltns btwn th IQ scors of peop w/varyng dgres of gentc simlrty r usd 2 dmnstr th mpct of gntcs on ntllgnc. th stdies hv fnd tht, th clse th gntc simlrty, th hghr th crrltn (e.g., idntcl twns reard 2gthr, r=.85; idntcl twns reard aprt, r=.67
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Psychological Assessment
Glossary Infant & Preschool Tests |
Infnt nd preschl tst r gnrly cnsdrd valid as screening dvides 4 dvdlpmntl dlys nd dsabltys; bt, wh admnistrd 2 chldrn aged 2 or yngr, th hv lttl predctve abilty. Xampls nclud th Denver Develpment Screen test, The Bayley Scales, nd th fagan Test of Intelligence.
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Psychological Assessment
Glossary Kaufman Assessment Battery For Children (K-ABC) |
Dvlpmnt of th K-Abc was based on Luria's dstnctn btwn squntl and simultaneus prcssng. B/c of it mphasis on noverbal itms, th K-ABS cnsdrd "cultur fair" nd apprprt 4 xamnees w/lngug mpairmnts.
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Psychological Assessment
Glossary Kuder Occupational Interest Inventory |
Th Kuder Occuptnl Intrst Survy (KOIS) ws dsgnd 4 hischl junrs nd snrs, cllhe stdnts. nd adlts. It ws dvlpd on th bsis of mprcl keyng bt, unlk th Strng tsts, did nt nclud a gnrl rfrnc grp. insted, itms selctd 4 nclusin n th tsts wre thos th dstngushd btwn dffrnt occuptnl grp.
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Psychological Assessment
Glossary Larry P v Riles |
Th cse of Larry P Riles ws brot by plntffs on bhlf of Afrcn Amrcn chldrn hu were dsprportntlyenrld n EMR clsses n th Sn Frncsco schl systm. Bsed prmrly on th tstmny of xprts, th judg hnded dwn th opnun tht IQ tsts wer racily nd cultrly biased and hv a dscrmntry mpct on Blck chldrn nd enjoined th Sn Frncsco public schls frm usng thm 2 plc Blk chldrn n EMR clsses.
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Psychological Assessment
Glossary MMPI-2 Scors & Profil Analysis |
Scors r rprtd as T scors, wch hv a mean of 50 nd std dvtn of 10. A T scor of 65 or hghr on th MMPI-2 is cnsdrd clncly sgnfcnt. Scors r cmmnly ntrptd thru profil analys wch nvolvs cnsdrng th hghst two or three scak scors.
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Psychological Assessment
Glossary MMPI-2 Valdity Scales |
Th MMPIs valdty scals r dsgnd 2 assess tst-tkng attituds nd 2 dtrmn if rslts 4 a prtculr xamnee r valid. A hi scor on th L Scale ndcats an attmpt 2 prsnt 1slf n a fvrbl lite; a hi scor on th F Scal sggsts respns carelssnss; a hi scor on th K Scal ndcats clncl dfnsvnss or an attmpt 2 fak good. An xamnee's scor on th Kscale is usd 2 crrct scors on sverl clnicl scals.
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Psychological Assessment
Glossary PL 94-142 |
Pl 94-142, th Indvdls w/ dsablty (IDEA) requirs tht 1) all dsabld peop frm nfncy to 21 must b evaltd by a team of spclst 2 dtrmn thr spcfc needs; 2)an Indvdulzd Eductnl Prgrm (IEP) must b dvdlpd 4 ea dsabld chld enrld n th pblc eductm
n systm tht prvds eductn 4 th stdnt n th least restrctv envrnmnt nd tht hs bn apprvd by th chld's parents; and 3) whl reliable, valid nd nondscrmntry psychlgcl tst cn b usd, assgnmnt to spcl eductn clsses cnnt b mad on th bsis of IQ tst only. |
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Psychological Assessment
Glossary PPVT-III |
th PVT-III measrs rcptv vocablry 4 stndrd Amercan Englsh ndd prvds a nonvrbl est of ntllgnc. It ws dsgnd 4 peop w/orthopedc dsabltys aged 2 1/2 to 85, nd cn b admnstrd 2 any xamnee hu is abl 2 hear th stmulus wrd, see th drwng, nd in som way cmmunct a rspns.
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Psychological Assessment
Glossary Ravens's Progressive Matrices |
Raven's Progressive Matrices is a nonvrbl meas of gnrl ntllgnc (g) nd is cnsdrd usfl as a multiclturl tst b/c it is rltvly ndpndnt of th effcts of spcfc eductn nd culturl lrng. Ther r svrl vrsns ncludng th Stndrd Prgrssv Matrices nd th Colored Prgressive Matrices
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Psychological Assessment
Glossary Rorschach Inkblot Test (Scoring & Interpretation) |
Th Rorschach is a projctv prsnlty tst tht prsnts th xamnee w/10 inkblts. Admnstrtnusully ntails two phases - free assctn nd inquiry. Rspnses 2 th inblots presumbly rflct th xamnee's undrlyng prsnlty, cnflcts, etc. Most scorng systms nvove lookng at th fllwng dimensions: Location, Determinants, Form Qualty, Content, nd Frequency of Occurence.
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Psychological Assessment
Glossary Seattle Longitudinal Study |
Th Seattlt Lngtdnl Stdy found tht a crss-sctnl dsgn is mre lkly 2 fnd erly-agd dclnes n IQ b/c it is mre vulnrbl 2 th cnfoundng effcts of edctnl nd othr dffrnces btwn dffrnt age grps ("cohrt effcts"). It als found tht, of th sic prmry mntl abltys, only prcptul speed dclines sbstntly prior to age 60.
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Psychological Assessment
Glossary Self-Directed Research |
Holland clssfd occuptns & occuptnl ntrsts n2 six thematic areas, wch he belevd rflct bsic prsnlty chrctrstcs. th r/s btwn ths themes is cmcptulzd n terms of a hexagon w/themes located near to one anthr being more simlr. Startng n th uppr rt of th hxagon, th themes r Realistc, Investigatve, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, nd Conventional. These themes r measrured by the self-Directed Search (SDS).
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Psychological Assessment
Glossary Stanford-Binet Fourth edition (SB-4) |
th SB-4 is an indvduly admnstrd ntllgnc tst tht is bsed on a hirarchcl modl of ntllgnc tht bgns w/ "g" and is frthr dvded n2 3 cgntv abltes nd 4 cgntv fctrs. It ylds a Composite Standard Age Score (SAS), Area SASs, nd subtsts SASs. Composite nd area SASs hv a mean of 100 ns a std dvtn of 16. Admnstrtn of th SB-4 is adaptv, w/th nrty lvl 4 th sbtsts bng dtrmnd frm th xamnee's chrnlgcl age + prfrmnxc on th Vocabulary subtst.
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Psychological Assessment
Glossary Strong Interest Inventory |
Dvlpmnt of th Strng Intrst Inv (SII) nd its prdecssr utilzd 2 dffrnt apprchs. th Gnrl occuptnl Theme nd th Basic Intrst scals wer derved on th bsis of th lgcl cntnt mthd, whl dvlpmnt of th Occuptnl scal was bsed on a criterion keyng stratgy. Th lattr apprch nvolvd cmprng th rspnses of males nd females n varius occuptns w/th rspnses of males nd females n a gnrl rfrnc grp.
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Psychological Assessment
Glossary Stroop Color-Word Association Test |
th Stroop Color-Word association test assess th dgre 2 wch th xamnee cn supprss a habtul rspns n fvr of an unusal one nd is cnsdrd 2 b a meas of cgntv flxblty nd selctv attn. It prsnts th xamnee w/ a lst of color names tht r prntd n ink colors tht dffr frm th name (e.g., th name red mit b prntd in blu ink), nd th xamnee is asked to g thru th list nd sy th nk color rthr thn the color name, wch is the prepotent response.
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Psychological Assessment
Glossary Types of Test Bias (Slope nd Intercept) |
Slope nd Intrcpt biases r typs of tst biases tht cn nvalidat th ntrprtatn of tst scors 4 members of crtn grps. Slop bias ocurs whn ther is dffrntl valdity - i.e., whn th valdity coefficnts 4 a predctr (e.g., cgntv ablty tst), dffr 4 dffrnt grps. Cnsqntly, th prdctr is mre accurt 4 one grp thn anthr. Intrcpt bias (or unfairness), occurs whn th validty coeffcnts and crterion prfrmnc 4 dffrnt grps r th sam, bt thr mean scors on th prdctr dffr. As a rslt, th prdcr cnsistnlt ovr- or undr-prdcts prfrmnce on th criterion 4 members of one of th grps.
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Psychological Assessment
Glossary Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale |
Th Vineland is a meas of adaptve abilty ("social competence") 4 chldrn nd adlts. It is oftn usd n cnjnctn w/ an IQ tst 4 dx'ng mntl rtrdatn.
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Psychological Assessment
Glossary WAIS-III Factor Scores (ADHD, ALZEIMER"S Disease) |
Th WAIS-III provids scors on 2 vrbl fcts (Verbal Comprehension nd Working memory) nd 2 prfrmnce factors (Perceptual Organization nd Processing Speed). Discrpencies in factor ndx scores crrlt w/sevrl cndtns. E.G., th tst manual rprts a simlr pttrn 4 ndvdls w/ADHD or lrng dsabltes - i.e., a Verbal Comprehensn scor hghr thn a Wrkng Memry scor coupld w/a Prcptul Organztn scor hghr thn a Prcssng Spd scor. It als rprts th fllwng pttrn of mean scors 4 agng pts w/Alzheimer's dises - 79.6 on Prcssng Sps; 84.8 on Prcptual Orgnztn; 87.2 on Wrkg Memry; nd 93.0 on Verbal Cmprhnsn.
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Psychological Assessment
Glossary WAIS Profile Analysis |
Profil analys nvovs cmprng ea sbtst scor 2 th mean full-scal, vrbl, or prfrmns sbtst scor 2 derive nfo abt th xamnee's strngths nd weaknesses. It is mprtnt 2 keep n mnd tht sgnfcnt variblty n sbtsts scors cn b xpctd 4 an xamnee as th rslt of chnc, nd cnsqntly, tht th analys of subtst flctuatns may rslt n som fals pstvs.
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Psychological Assessment
Glossary WAIS-III Verbal-Performance Discrepancy |
One mthd 4 ntrprtng Wechsler dtst cors is 2 cnsdr th dscrepncy btwn Verbl IQ nd Prfrmnc IQ. A dscrpncy of 12 pts or mre is tstscly sgnfcnt. A hghr Vrbl IQ sggsts rt hemisphere damg, neurosis, or psychosis. A hghr Prfrmncs IQ may ndicat lft hemisphr damg, eductnl dficts, or sociopthy.
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Psychological Assessment
Glossary WAIS-III (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Third Edition) |
Th WAIS-III is an ndvdul ntllgnc tst tht ylds Verbal, Prfrmnce, nd Full-Scale IQ scores as well as ndvdl subtsts scores nd th fctr ndex scors. Vrbl, Prfrmnc, nd Full Scale IQs hv a mean of 100 nd std dvatn of 15; sbtsts hv a mean of 10 nd std dvatn of 3. th tsts is approprt 4 peop aged 16 thru 89.
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Psychological Assessment
Glossary Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) |
Th WCST is 4 ndvdls ages 6 1/2 to 80 nd is usfl 2 assess th ablty 2 form abstrct cncpts nd shft cgnyv strtgys n rspons 2 fdbk. Th WCST is snstv 2 frntl lobe damg, and mpaird prfrmnc hs bn lnkd 2 alcoholism, autism, schizophrenia, depression, and malingering.
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