Eppp Cultural Models

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Atkinson, Morten, Sue 1993

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Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model

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Stage 1 of the RCIDM

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Conformity: Person has + attitudes toward and preference for the dominant culture and depreciating attitude towards one's own culture.

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Stage 2 of the RCIDM

Back 3

Dissonance: confusion and conflict over over the attitude one has toward self and others of the same and different groups. Person perceives their problems as related to identity issues

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Stage 3 of the RCIDM

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Resistance and Immersion: Actively reject the dominant culture and value own culture. Perceives personal problems as a result of oppresion.

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Stage 4 of the RCIDM

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Introspection: Uncertainty of the firmly held beliefs in stage 3 and conflict between loyalty to a group and autonomy.

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Stage 5 of the RCIDM

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Integrative Awareness: Experience a sense of self-fulfillment with regard to cultural identity. Adopt a multi-cultural perspective and value positive things from both cultures

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Stages and therapist preference of the RCIDM

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Stage 1: Txist from majority grp
Stage 2-3: Txist from own grp
Stage 4: Own grp. but open to another txist w/ similar world view
Stage 5:Any group as long as they hold similar values and views

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Stages of the RCIDM

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1) Conformity 2) Dissonance
3) Resistance and Immersion
4) Introspection
5) Integrative Awareness

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Cross 1991

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Black Racial (Nigrescence) Identity Development Model

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Nigrescence Model Theory

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That identity development is directly linked to racial oppresion

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Stage 1 of Nigrescence

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Preencounter: Whites are seen as ideal while AA are denigrated.

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Stage 2 of Nigrescence

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Encounter: Exposure to a race related event leads to greater cultural awareness and an interest in AA identity

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Stage 3 of Nigrescence

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Immersion/Emersion: Struggle between old and emerging ideas about race. Initiall immersed in AA identity and denigrates whites. At end is less emersed and moves toward a new identity

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Stage 4 of Nigrescence

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Internalization/Commitment: Adopts an AA world view and works to end racism. Will exhibity healthy cultural paranoia