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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Epithelial tissues
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define physiological compartments by forming functional barriers
Surface epithelia defined by structural organization, not by function Most derive from endoderm |
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Glandular tissue
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secretory epithelial cells
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Connective tissue origins
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From mesoderm
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Muscle tissue origins
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Mesoderm (mesenchyme)
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Nervous tissue origins
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Neuroectoderm - neural tube and neural crest
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Epithelium functions
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secretion, absorption, transport, protection, diffusion, or sensation
are avascular and mitotically active |
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Types of epithelia
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simple squamous
stratified squamous (keratinized or not) simple cuboidal stratified cuboidal simple columnar stratified columnar Pseudostratified columnar Transitional |
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Endothelial cells
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Line inner sruface of CV and lymphatic systems
mediate attachment and transendothelial diapedsis of leukocytes from blood to extravascular connective tissue |
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Selectins
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For leukocyte homing - semi-attached rolling
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Integrins
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Transendothelial migration
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Mesothelium
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covers outer surface of organs lining fluid-filled inner body cavities: peritoneum, pluera, pericardium, vaginalis
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Serosa
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Mesothelium and underlying adventitial connective tissue on outer surface - fluid in cavity from plasma in capillaries in underlying CT
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Capsule
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outer adventitial connective tissues of organs
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Simple squamous
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structure where substances must diffuse across rapidly
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Simple cuboidal, stratified cuboidal, stratified columnar
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Secretion
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Simple columnar
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Absorption
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Stratified Squamous (cornified or not)
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lines areas needing protection from abrasion
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Pseudostratified Columnar
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Secretion and movement of materials in lumen
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Transitional Epithelum
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Accommodates increases in luminal volume. Surface area is distendable.
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Exocrine secretions
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Diverse: protective oils and waxes, catalytic enzymes, lubricants, nutritive or waste products, water for hydration or evaporative cooling. Not directed to specific cells
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Endocrine secretions
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Products diffuse rapidly from the ECM into the vascular system for distribution throughout the body. Target cells determine specificity of responses.
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Tubular ducts
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Cylindrical lumen transforms into the ductal tube
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Acinar (alveolar)
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Terminal sac-like unit
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Tubuloacinar
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combo
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Mucinogen
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Made in rER. Secreted by mucoud glands. Polysacchardis and glycoproteins
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Mucous gland
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Secretes mucinogen. Stain weakly with H&E. PAS positive. Have flattened basal nuclei, pale cytoplasm
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Serous acini
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Secrete proteins. rER packages proenzymes into zymogen granules. Round basal nuclei, darker cytoplasm, around central lumen of acinus
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Serous demilume
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crescent-shaped serous cells capping the mucous cell core of a mixed acinus
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Merocrine
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Exocytosis of membrane-bound secretory vesicles - membrane fuses, product released
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Apocrine
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Portion of cell buds off the apical membrane (mammary glands, eyelid, external ear)
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Holocrine
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Entire cytoplasm is released via apoptosis into the lumen.
Sebacous gland (skin, eyelid) |
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Diffuse neuroendocrine system
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APUD (amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation)
Allows for physiological coordination of disparate organs |
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Organization of endocrine
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Can be in glands or be a component of mixed glands
Thyroid vs. pancreas, for example |
