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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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epinephrine
class description |
CLASS: Sympathomimetric.
DESCRIPTION: drug that stimulates alpha- and beta-receptors; causes bronchiodiolation and, when administered via rapid intravenous injection, causes rapid increases in systolic pressure, ventricular contractility, and heart rate; causes vasoconstriction of the arterioles of the skin, mucosa, and spanchnic areas; and antagonizes the effects of histimine. |
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epinephrine
indications contraindications reactions |
INDICATIONS : bronchial asthma, acute allergic reactions, asystole, pulsless electrical activity, ventricular fibrillation, or ventricular tachycardia, systemic bradycardia.
CONTRAINDICATIONS : hypersensitivity, hypovolemic shock, coronary insufficiency(should be used with caution). REACTIONS : headache, restlessness, weakness, dysrythmias, hypertension, and prescription of angina pectoris and tachycardia. |
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epinephrine
onset duration special considerations |
ONSET : 5 to 10 minutes (subcutaneously), 1 to 2 minutes (intravenously).
DURATION : 5 to 10 minutes. SPECIAL CONCIDERATIONS : syncope has been reported after administration in children; it may increase myocardial oxygen demand |
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epinephrine
dose |
DOSE : asystole, pulseless electrical activity, pulseless ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, intravenous push repeated every 3 to 5 minutes; pediatric – (0.1mL/kg 1:10,000) intravenously or intraosseously, high (0.1 mL/kg 1:1000) via endotracheal administration (diluted 3 to5 mL). Bradycardia refractory to other interventions: adult-2 to10 mcg/min (1mg 1:1000 in 500mL of normal saline or D5W); pediatric –dilute 0.6 mg/kg to create 100mL solution; begin infusion at 1mL/hr (0.1 mcg/kg/min) and adjust every 5 minutes for desired effect (0.1 to 1.0 mcg/kg/min). Anaphalactic reaction or bronchoconstriction: adult-mild to moderate: 0.3 to 0.5 mL (1:1000) subcutaneously IM for anaphalaxes; severe: 0.1 mg (1mL of 1:10,000) slow intravenous injection; pediatric – 0.01 mL /kg subcutaneously (1:1000), maximum of 0.3 mL
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lidocaine
class description |
CLASS : antidysrythmic, local anesthetic ( class Ib).
DESCRIPTION : suppresses premature ventricular contractions(PVC’s) and raises ventricular fibrillation threshold. |
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lidocaine
indications contraindications adverse reactions |
INDICATIONS : ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, significant ventricular ectopy in the presence of myocardial ischemia or infarction; wide- complex tachycardia of unknown origin.
CONTRAINDICATIONS : hypersensitivity, Stokes-Adams syndrome, and second- or third degree heart block in the absence of an artificial pacemaker. ADVERSE REACTIONS : light headedness, confusion, blurred vision, hypotension, cardiovascular collapse, bradycardia, and central nervous system depression (including seizures) with high doses |
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lidocaine
onset duration special considerations |
ONSET : 30 to 90 seconds.
DURATION : 10 to 20 minutes SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS : the drug has a short half-life; if bradycardia is present with predeath; decrease dose in elderly. Avoid lidocaine in reperfusion dysrythmias after thrombolytic therapy; use extreme caution in patients with hepatic disease, heart failure, marked hypoxia, severe respiratory depression, hypovolemia, or shock. |
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lidocaine
dose |
DOSE : adult – administration IV or via endotracheal bolus (at 2 to 2 ½ times IV dose) followed by a continuous infusion; for ventricular fibrillation, 1.0 to 1.5 mg/kg IV repeated at 0.5-0.75 mg/kg IV in 3 to 5 minutes to a total loading dose of 3mg/kg; for ventricular ectopy or stable ventricular tachycardia, 1 to 1.5 mg/kg IV repeated in 5 to 10 minutes at 0.5 to 0.75 mg/kg to a total dose of 3mg/kg; given via infusion – maintenance infusion at 1 to 4 m/min; pediatric – 1mg/kg/dose IV or IO; infusion – 20 to 50 mcg/kg/min.
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oxygen
class description |
CLASS : Naturally occurring atmospheric gas
DESCRIPTION: Oxygen is an odorless, tasteless, colorless gas that is present in room air at a concentration of approximately 21%. Oxygen is an important emergency drug used to reverse hypoxemia; in doing so, it helps oxidize glucose to produce adenosine triphosphate (aerobic metabolism). Oxygen may help reduce the size of infarcted tissue during an acute myocardial infarction (in patients who are hypoxemic on room air). |
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oxygen
onset & duration indications contraindications |
ONSET AND DURATION
Onset: Immediate Duration: Less than 2 min INDICATIONS: Confirmed or suspected hypoxia, Ischemic chest pain, Respiratory insufficiency, Prophylactically during air transport, Confirmed or suspected carbon monoxide poisoning and other causes of decreased tissue oxygenation (cardiac arrest) CONTRAINDICATIONS: None |
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oxygen
adverse reactions drug interactions how supplied |
ADVERSE REACTIONS: High-concentration oxygen may cause decreased level of consciousness and respiratory depression in patients with chronic carbon dioxide retention.
DRUG INTERACTIONS: None significant HOW SUPPLIED: Oxygen cylinders (usually green and white) of 100% compressed oxygen gas |
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oxygen
dosage special considerations |
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATI ON
Adult: High-concentration: 10-15 L/min via non-rebreather mask or high-flow oxygen delivery device Low concentration: 1-4 L/min via nasal cannula Venturi mask concentrations (e.g., 24%, 28%, 32%, 36%) for intermediate rates of oxygen administration in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Pediatric: Same as for adult SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS: Pregnancy safety: NA, Oxygen vigorously supports combustion, Can cause O2 toxicity in newborns |
