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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Broad Spectrum AEDs
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Valproate
lamotrigine topiramate levetiracetam zonisamide |
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Narrow spectrum AEDs
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peeps w/focal epilepsy w/partial and secondarily generalized seizures
carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine phenytonin, tiagabine gabapentine, pregabalin |
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Ezogabine
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Increased inhibition: K+ and Cl+ channels
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Phenyotin (Dilantin)
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Decreased excitation: Na+ channels (maybe some Ca2+ and K+ influence)
dose dependent zero order kinetics (once saturation occurs) |
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Carbamazepine (tegretol)
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Decreased excitation: Na+ channels
can cause aplastic anemia due to active metabolite tricyclic antidepressant analog |
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Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal)
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Decreased excitation: Na+ channels
(not as good as carbamazepine but less toxic) |
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Phenobarbital (luminal)
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Increased inhibition: GABA gated Cl-
safe but sedative. *can make atonic and absence seizures worse* |
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Primidone (mysolin)
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Decreased Excitation:
must be titrated effective against partial and generalized tonic-clonic seizures |
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Valproate
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Increased inhibition: inhibits GABA transaminase (more GABA)
Good for generalized tonic-clonic seizures hepatotoxicity and Teratogen causing spina bifida |
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Ethosuximide (Zarontin)
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Decreased Excitation: Ca2+ channels in thalamus
used for absence seizures |
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Clonazepam
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Increased inhibition: GABA gated Cl- channel
a benzodiazepine good for absence seizures causes sedation |
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Dizaepam (Valium)
Lorazepam (Ativan) |
Increased inhibition: allosteric modulators of GABA receptors
benzodiazepines (L lasts longer) used for status epilepticus sedation |
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Vigabatrin
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Increased inhibition: inhibits GABA transaminase
used for partial seizures |
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Lamotrigine (Lamictal)
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Decreased excitation: Na+ channels
must be titrated but broad spectrum primary generalized epilepsy (used to surpress rapid firing neurons b/c goes for inactivation gate) |
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Felbamate (Felbatol)
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Decreased excitation: Na+ and NMDA antagonist
broad spectrum but has severe side effects (aplastic anemia and hepatitis) |
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Topiramate
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Decreased excitation: Glut receptor antagonist
broad spectrum ***no sig. effects w/other AEDs*** |
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Tiagabine
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Increased inhibition: GABA uptake inhibitor (GAT-1)
plays well w/other AEDs |
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Zonisamide (Zonegran)
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Decreased excitation: Ca2+ and Na+
minimal interactions w/other AEDs Broad spectrum against partial seizures |
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Gabapentin (Neurontin)
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Increased inhibition: binds to alpha2delta on presynaptic cleft preventing neurotransmitter vesicle release
wide margin of safety |
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Levetiracetam (Keppra)
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Increased inhibition: synaptic vesicle protein 2A
no interactions with other AEDs used for treating partial seizures |
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Pregabalin
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Increased inhibition: alpha2delta, prevents calcium intake on the presynaptic cleft
also used to treat fibromyalgia and spinal cord injury |
