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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Epidemology |
The study of a disease (etiology, mode transmission, incubation period etc.) in a population and the measures that can treat/control/prevent that disease |
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Infection |
state produced by the establishment of an infective agent in a host |
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infectious |
capable of causing infection |
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Contagious |
infectious organism capable of being transmitted from one animal to another by contact or close proximity |
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Epidemic |
the occurrence of more cases of disease than expected in a given area or among specific group of persons/animals |
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Outbreak |
The occurrence of more cases of disease than expected in a given area or among a specific group during a specific period. Sometimes distinguished from an epidemic as more localized or the term less likely to evoke public panic |
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Pandemic |
An epidemic occurring over a widespread area (multiple countries or continents) and usually affecting a substantial proportion of the population |
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Endemic |
The constant presence of an etiologic agent within a given geographic area or population |
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Zoonosis |
an infectious disease that is transmissible from animals to humans |
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Prevalence |
the number of cases among a given population |
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Incidence |
The frequency with which new cases of disease occurs among a population during a specified period |
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Virulence |
The ability of an infectious agent to cause disease |
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Vector |
A living intermediary that carries an agent from a reservoir to a susceptible host
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Transmission, direct |
Immediate transfer of an agent from a reservoir to a host by direct contact |
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Transmission, indirect |
Transfer of an agent from a reservoir to a host carried by an inanimate object (Stethoscope, brush etc.) or by an intermediary (vector) |
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Aerosol |
A dried microorganism that is carried via the air that is capable of causing infection |
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Specificty |
The ability of a test to exclude an animal without the disease (true negative) |
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Fals-negative |
A negative test result for a patient that actually has the condition |
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Sensitivity |
The ability of a test to identify true cases (true positive) |
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False-positive |
A positive test result for a patient that actually does not have the condition |
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Reservoir |
The habitat in which an infectious agent normally lives, grows and multiplies, which can include animal or the environment |
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Quarantine |
The separation of healthy animals that have been exposed or are suspected to have been exposed to an infectious disease to monitor for illness and to prevent potential transmission of infection to susceptible animals |
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Mode of transmission |
The manner in which an agent is transmitted from its reservoir to susceptible host |
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Isolation |
The separation of infected animals to prevent transmission to susceptible ones |
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Incubation period |
The time interval from exposure of an infectious agent to the onset of signs of disease |
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Fomite |
An inanimate object that can be the mode for transmission of an infectious agent (e.g. bedding, towels, or surgical instruments). |
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Exposure |
Having come into contact with a cause of a particular disease |
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Efficacy |
The ability of an intervention to produce the intended or expected results under ideal conditions |
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Carrier |
An animal that harbors an infectious agent of a disease can transmit it to others but does not demonstrate signs of the disease. A carrier can be asymptomatic or can display signs of the disease. The period of being a carrier can be short(a transient carrier) or long (a chronic carrier |
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Transient Carrier |
Being a carrier for a short amount of time |
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Chronic Carrier |
Long term carrier |
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Asymptomatic |
Without signs |
