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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Analytic epidemiology |
type of epidemiology that examines casual hypotheses regarding the association between exposures and health conditions
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Demographic transition
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historical shift from high birth and death rates found in agrarian societies to much lower birth and death rates found in developed countries
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Descriptive epidemiology
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Epidemiologic studies that are concerned with characterizing the amount and distribution of health and disease with in a population
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Determinant
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A factor or event that is capable of bringing about a change in the health status of a population |
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Epidemic
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Occurrence of a disease Clearly in excess of normal expectancy
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Epidemiologic transition
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A shift in the pattern of morbidity and mortality from causes related primarily to infectious and communicable diseases to causes associated with chronic, degenerative diseases, is accompanied by demographic transition
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Epidemiology
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Concerned with the distribution and determinants of health and disease, morbidity, injuries, disability, and mortality in pooulations. To control health problems in populations
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Exposure
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Contact with a disease causing factor. the amount of the factor that impinges upon a group or individuals
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Morbidity
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Occurrence of an illness or illnesses in a population
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Mortality
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Occurrence of death in a population |
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Natural experiment
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A type of research design in which the experiment does not control the manipulation of a study factors. The manipulation of the study factor occurs as a result of natural phenomena or policies that impact health |
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Observational study
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A type of research design in which the investigator does not manipulate the study factor or use random assignment of subjects. There is careful measurement of the patterns of exposure and disease in a population in b order to draw inferences about the distribution and etiology of diseases |
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Operations research |
A type of study of the placement of health services in a community and the optimum utilization of such services |
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Outcome |
A result that may arise from an exposure. Examples of outcomes in epidemiologic research are specific infectious diseases, disabling conditions, unintentional injuries, chronic diseases, and conditions associated with personal behavior and lifestyle. |
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Pandemic |
An epidemic that spans a wide geographic area. A worldwide influenza outbreak is an example of a pandemic |
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Pathogenesis |
Process and mechanism of interaction of disease agent(s) with a host in causing disease. |
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Population |
All the inhabitants of a given country or area considered together |
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Prepathogenesis |
Period of time that precedes the interaction between an agent of disease and a host. |
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Primary prevention |
Activities designed to reduce the occurrence of disease that occur during the period of prepathogenesis (i.e., before an agent interacts with a host) |
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Risk |
The probability that an event will occur, e.g., that an individual will become ill or die within a stated period of time or by a certain age. |
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Risk difference (also, attributable risk) |
Difference between the incidence rate of disease in the exposed group and the incidence rate of disease in the nonexposed group. |
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Risk factor |
An exposure that is associated with a disease, morbidity, mortality, or adverse health outcome. |
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Secondary prevention |
Intervention designed to reduce the progress of a disease after the agent interacts with the host; occurs during the period of pathogenesis |
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Tertiary prevention |
Intervention that takes place during late pathogenesis and is designed to reduce the limitations of disability from disease |
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Vital statistics |
Mortality and birth statistics maintained by government agencies |
