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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Understand the concept of epidemiology
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Epidemiology is the study of disease in populations and of factors that determine its occurrence (Thrusfield, 2007)
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Describe why epidemiology is useful in the study of animal disease
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Determine the origin of a disease whose cause is known
Investigation and control of a disease whose cause is either unknown or poorly understood Acquisition of information on the ecology and natural history of a disease Planning, monitoring and assessment of disease control programmes Assessment of the economic effects of a disease and analysis of the costs and economic benefits of alternative control programmes |
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B describe the main types of epidemiological investigation
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Descriptive- observing and recording desease, usually initial investigation
Analytical-Analysis of observations Diagnostics Statistics Experimental-Epidemiologists observe and analyse data from groups of animals that they can select. Theoretical |
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Know examples of different types of veterinary zoonoses
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Pssitachosis (Bacterial)
Respiratory disease Chlamydophila psittaci. inhale dried bird droppings, secretions, dust Psittacines>passerines Symptoms: depression, loss of appetite, eye infections, laboured breathing, nasal discharge Treatment: antibiotics Prevention: Clean frequently, avoid stress |
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Viral Zoonoses
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Viruses can cause acute or chronic infections
Example – Eastern Equine Encephalitis Zoonosis transmitted by mosquitoes that originates in birds Causes CNS disease in horses and humans |
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Bacterial Zoonoses
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Bacterial infections can also be zoonotic
Example – Bartonelloses, including cat scratch disease Bartonella causes a wide range of infections in humans and animals (Krauss et al. 2003). Cat scratch disease occurs only in humans and not in domestic animals. B. henselae seems to be the most important agent of cat scratch disease. Cat Scratch Disease Presents as lymphadenopathy in the majority of cases (Klotz et al. 2011) There is usually a lesion at the point of entry Fever may occur Complications in immunocompromised individuals |
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Fungal Zoonoses
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Dermatophytoses are chronic fungal infections of the skin, hair or nails.
Sporotrichosis is a sub-acute disease in humans and animals characterised by papulous, ulcerating skin lesions. |
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Parasitic Zoonoses
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Parasitic zoonoses are some of the most important causes of human disease worldwide
They can include Protozoa Helminths Pentastomids Arthropods |
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Uses of epidemiology
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Determine the origin of a disease with unknown causes
Investigation and control of a disease with cause is unknown or poorly understood gaining information on the ecology and natural history of a disease Planning, monitoring and assessment of disease control programmes Assessment of economic effects of a disease and analysis of the costs and economic benefits of alternative control programmes |
