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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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biased introduced into study when a clinician is aware of what type of treatment patient has received
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observational bias
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bias introduced when screening detects a disease earlier and thus lengthens the time from diagnosis to death
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lead-time bias
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if you want to know if race affects infant mortality rate but most of the variation in infant mortality is predicted by SES, then SES is a ________?
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confounding variable
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true positives divided by the number of patients with disease
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sensitivity
sensitvie tests have few false negatives and used to rule out disease |
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ppd reactivity is used as a screening test for TB because most people with TB (except anergics) will have a positive PPD
Sensitive or Specific? |
highly sensitive
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chronic diseases like SLE - higher prevalence or incidence?
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prevalence
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epidemics such as influenza - higher incidence or prevalence?
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incidence
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cross-sectional study - incidence or prevalence
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prevalence
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cohort study - incidence or prevalence?
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incidence
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case-control study - incidence or prevalence?
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neither
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describe a test that consistently gives identical results, but the results are wrong
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highly reliable, low validity
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difference between a cohort and case-control study
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cohort - prosepective and can be used to calculate RR and incidence
case-control - retrospective and can be used to calculate OR |
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attributable risk?
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incidence rate (IR) of disease in exposed-IR of disease in unexposed
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relative risk
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IR of disease in a population exposed to a particular factor/IR of those not exposed to the factors
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odds ratio
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likelihood of exposure to a risk factor in individuals with and without the disease
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NNT
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1/incidence
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In which patients do you initiate CRC screening early?
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pts with IBD, FAP, HNPCC, first-degree relatives with adenomatous polyps (<60y/o) or CRC
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most common cancer in men and most common cause of death from cancer in men
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prostate cancer more common, lung cancer causes more deaths
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percentage of cases within one standard deviation, 2, 3?
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68%, 95.5%, 99.7%
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birth rate?
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number of live births per 1000 population
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fertility rate?
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number of live births per 1000 women 15-44y/o
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mortality rate
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number of deaths per 1000 population
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neonatal mortality?
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number of deaths from birth to 28days to one year per 1000 live births
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infant mortality
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neonatal + postnatal mortality
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fetal mortality?
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number of deaths from 20 weeks gestation to birth per 1000 total births
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perinatal mortality
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number of deaths from 20 weeks gestation to one month of life per 1000 total births
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maternal mortality
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number of deaths during pregnancy to 90 days postpartum per 100000 live births
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