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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Epidemiology
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study of factors and mechanisms involved in the frequency and spread of diseases and other health related problems within populations of humans, animals or even plants
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Etiology
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the causation of a disease
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Incidence
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the number of new cases contracted within a set population during a specific period of time
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Prevalence
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the total number of people infected within a population at any time
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Morbidity
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rate typically expressed as the number of cases (individuals) per 100,000 people per year infected by the same disease or pathogen
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Mortality
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rate typically expressed in terms of individuals per 100,000 that have been killed by some disease or pathogen
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Endemic
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infectious agent is endemic if it is present continually in the population of a particular geographic area, but both the number of reported cases and the severity of the disease remain low to constitute public health problem
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Epidemic
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arises when a disease suddenly has a higher-than-normal incidence in a population. Then the morbidity rate or mortality rate or both become high enough to cause public health problem
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Pandemic
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occurs when an epidemic spreads world wide
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Sporadic disease
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occurs in a random and unpredictable manner, involving several isolated cases that pose no great threat to the population as a whole
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Common Source Outbreak
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epidemic that arises from contact with contaminated substances eg. contaminated water/food supply
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Propagated Epidemic
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arises from direct person-to-person contacts or horizontal transmission. The pathogen moves from infected to uninfected individual
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Contact Transmission
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Direct Contact, Indirect Contact by Fomites, Droplets
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Vehicle Transmission
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Waterborne, Airborne, Foodborne
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Vector Transmission
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Mechanical (on insect bodies, salmonella) Biological (can be carried by rats etc)
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Controlling Disease Transmission
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Isolation, Quarantine, Large Scale Immunization, Vector Control
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Notifiable Diseases
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infectious diseases that are potentially harmful to public’s health
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exogenous infections
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caused by organisms that enter the patient from the environment
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endogenous infections
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caused by opportunists among the patient’s own microflora
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