Epidemiology: 6) Disease Outcomes

Front 1

Common reasons why a surrogate endpoint may fail

Back 1

1)D variable not relevant (whiteness of teeth and lung cancer).
2)D variable relevant but extreme value may confer poor health.
3)Procedures to change D have other adverse (worse) effects.

Front 2

Issues associated with measuring D

Back 2

Correct measurement procedures.
How well executed.

Front 3

Diagnostic criteria

Back 3

Involve expert.
Have definitive case definition

Front 4

Disease onset timeing

Back 4

Index date: time of onset - should be explicitly outlined

Front 5

Identifying Death

Back 5

1)State vital records
2)National vital records
3)National death index
4)Medicare enrollment
5)Interview follow-up

Front 6

Issues for using death

Back 6

1)Quality of code of death on death certificate.
2)Determine time of disease onset
3)Relevance to study question
4)Power

Front 7

Identify Diseases leading to medical care

Back 7

1)Provider records
2)Registries
3)Insurance
4)Interview

Front 8

Key issues of medical care and disease

Back 8

1)Access to records
2)Completeness
3)Exposure influece decision to diagnose/treat
4)Appropriate severity level

Front 9

Misclssification of D can

Back 9

Incorrectly classify non-cases of D (False pos - Poor PPV or Specificity).
Fail to detect true D (Sensitivity).

Front 10

Nondifferential misclassification

Back 10

false positive can bias towards null

Front 11

Differential Misclassification

Back 11

False negative: Bias AWAY from the null