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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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WHAT practices of medicine depends on population data?
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diagnosis
prognosis selection of therapy |
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what are the two appraoches to epidemiology?
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1.find out if there is an association between the person and the development of disease in question
2.if there is an association is it a causal relationship |
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what is the major goal of epidemiology?
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to identify the subgroups who are at high risk disease
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define primary prevention and give an example.
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action taken to prevent the development of a disease in a person who is well and does not have the disease
ex- immunization |
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define secondary prevention.
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identification of people who have already developed a disease.
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define endemic
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habitual presence of a disease within a given geographic area.
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define epidemic
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occurrence in a community or region of a group of illness of a similar nature.
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define pandemic
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worldwide epidemic ex- HIV
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what is three things define the incubation period?
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1.interval from the receipt of infection to the time of onset of clinical illness.
2.it is the time needed for the organism to replicate until it reaches the critical mass for the disease to result. 3. relates to the site in the body at which the organism replicates ex- superficial vs. deep, dose of infectious agent |
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define mortality.
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death or death related events
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T/F? there must be a relationship between the numerator and the denominator in a ratio
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true
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T/F? there must be a relationship between the numerator and the denominator in a rate
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false- ideally there should be a relationship but its not a must.
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what is the general form of a rate?
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a/bt
t=time |
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the crude mortality rate does not take what into consideration?
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population characteristics
ex- gender, age, race |
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what is the equation for the crude death rate?
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no. of deaths/ midperiod population *constant multiplier
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what does the denominator and the numerator of the crude death rate explain?
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the numerator- number of people who died
the denominator- number of people who are capable of dying. |
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what two things are important for the understanding of the overall health of a population?
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1.infant mortality rate
2.life expectancy |
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what disease has seemed to arise from 1980 that is one of the leading cause of death for all ages?
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chronic lower respiratory diseases
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what disease has seemed to stay constant as one of the leading causes of death for all ages since the 1950's?
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cancer
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what three mortality rates has increasingly decreased since 1950's?
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infant mortality rate
neonatal mortality rate postneonatal mortality rate |
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which gender seem to have more doctor's office and hospital out patient visits since 1997 in the 18-44 age group?
45-54 age group? |
female
female |
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what race has been the highest in number in 2005 in the under 18 age group?
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hispanic
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what race has the highest infant mortality rate in 2001-2003?
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black (who are not hispanic)
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what is the race and sex of the group which has the highest life expectancy from 1970 to 2004?
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white female
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what is the race and sex of the group which has the lowest life expectancy from 1970 to 2004?
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black male
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what is meant by confounding?
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the general term for the affect of a third variable such as age on the area of interest such as mortality rate.
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