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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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incidence
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number of individuals that will fall ill with a certain disease during a defined time period
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prevalence
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people who have the disease at a specific time, someone who falls ill adds one to the incidence
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incidence x duration =
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prevalence
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case fatality rate
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aka lethality, out of everyone who contracts the disease, the number of people that will die
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mortality
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the proportion of the entire population that dies from the disease over a time period
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infectious disease
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all disease caused by microorganisms
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communicable diseases
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diseases that can be transmitted from one infected person to another, directly or indirectly
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transmissable diseases
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diseases that can be transmitted from one preson to another by 'unnatural' routes
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carrier state
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harboring the pathogen without clinical signs of infection
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attack rate
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proportion of indivduals who are exposed to an infectious agent who become ill
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primary case
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person who brings the illness into a population, might not be index case
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secondary case
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people who are infected by primary case
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index case
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first case to be discovered by health care system during an outbreak, might not by primary case
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reproductive rate
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rate at which a case infects other
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vector
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animal that transmits a pathogen
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direct tranmission
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mucous membrane contact (STIs), across placenta, transplants, skin to skin, and coughs/sneezes
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indirect transmission
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water, air borne, food borne, vectors, and objects
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differences betw direct and indirect air borne
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actual degree of physical closeness to case, flu is direct = need to be close, SARS in indirect = can spread through vents
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resevoir
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ecological niche where pathogen lives and mutiplies outside of humans
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source
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actual object, animal or person from which the infection is acquired
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serial interval
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time period between successive generation
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epidemic
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the occurence in a community or region of cases of an illness with a frequency in excess of normal
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endemic
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disease that lingers in the same area over time
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