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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define Number Needed to Treat
Equation? If the Questions asked how many people needed to be treated to prevent 1 case? |
This is the number of people that need to be treated to PREVENT ONE case of the disease
People at risk of getting the disease at a given time/ People with the disease = NUMBER NEEDED TO TREAT |
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How will a new treatment effect the incidence duration and prevalence of a chronic disease
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A new treatment will decrease the the time of symptoms for a disease, it will do nothing to the incidence but will decrease the prevalence of the disease
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Point Prevalence problems
What is the definition Who is included in the Denominator |
Definition who has this disease out of the entire population RIGHT NOW?
The denominator includes ALL POSSIBLE PEOPLE EVEN THE ONES AFFECTED |
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INCIDENCE RATE QUESTONS
WHO is included in the nominator of incidence rate questions? WHO is included in the denominator for incidence rate questions |
For the nominator of an incidence rate questions people included must have GOTTEN the disease while in that period, people WHO ALREADY had the disease do not count.
everyone is included in the denominator. |
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Period Prevalence
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People with the disease either got it before the period started and STILL HAVE IT or got it during the period of time
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Birth Rate
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Live births/ ALL populations x1000
in a calender year |
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Fertility Rate
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Live births/ Women of child bearing age ( 13-55.2) x 1000 in a calender year
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Mortality Rate
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Deaths/Population x 1000 in a calender year
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Infant mortality rate
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death rates of children under 1 year/ all live births x1000 in the same year
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Neonatal death rate
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Infant deaths prior to 28 days/ all live births x1000
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postneonatal death rate
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after 28 days - 365 days/all live births
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Infant mortality rate
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neonate + postneotal death rate
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Maternal Mortality Rate
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yearly rate of deaths to woman from associated child birth
Maternal Deaths/Live births x 100,000 |
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Case Fatality Rate
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% of people with the disease that die from it compared to the overall number of cases of the disease
Deaths from disease/Number of cases x 100 |
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Proportionate Death Rate
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Deaths from one cause / all deaths x100
deaths from a specific cause per all deaths |
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Multipliers in Rates
Major VITAL STATISTICS: BIRTH RATE, DEATH RATE, INFANT MORTALITY RATE= FOR INDIVIDUAL DISEASES CASE SPECIFIC THINGS |
X 1000
X100,000 X100 |
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GOAL OF PRIMARY PREVENTION
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DECREASE THE INCIDENCE
promote health behaviors |
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SECONDARY PREVENTION
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Screening for risk factors and early detection of ASYMPTOMATIC people
permit timely and effective treatment decrease the PREVALENCE od disease |
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Tertiary Prevention
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Reduction in LONG term impairments and disabilities and prevention of repeated episodes
goal prevent RECURRENCE AND SLOW PREGRESSION. |
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Adjusted Rates of a disease
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Must standardized the Data to account for any demographic quality that would cause a skew in the data
On a test question will see a significant difference in the rate of disease between two different groups of people with a key demographic variable adjustment will tend to make the observed difference between the unadjusted rate disappear |
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Screening Tests use which classic table?
What goes on horizontal line What goes on vertical line |
2x2
Disease and Non disease the results of the screening test with Positve on top and negative on bottom |
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Define Sensitvity of a screening test
Equation |
People with disease who are CORRECTLY Identified by the screening test to have the disease
True positives/ True Positves + false negatives |
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Define Specificity of a screening test
Equation |
People who do not have the disease that are correctly Identified on the screening test as not having the disese
TRUE Negative / True + False positives People found on the test not to have it/ everyone who really doesnt have it |
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Positve Predictive value definition
Equation |
Everyone who has the disease and tested positive / everyone who tested positive( including false positive)
TP/ TP+FP |
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Negative Predictive Valeue Definition
Equation |
Everyone who tested negative for the disease and really doesnt have it
True Negative/ True Negative + False Negative |
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Accuracy of a test
Equation |
All true results + and - / total people screened
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Prevelance
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True Positives + False Negatives/ Everyone screened
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