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6 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Effect Modification
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Effect of the exposure on the outcome differs depending on whether another variable (effect modifier) is present
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Synergy
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Joint effect of two exposures is greater than prediction for each individual exposure
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Inhibition
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Joint effect of two exposures is less then predicted based on each individual exposure
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Effect Mofification and AUC
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If there is effect modification the AUC for a lab value would be different. Eg. AUC IS different for young vs. older subjects in benzodiazepines and psychomotor impairment
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Recommendations for Finding effect modifications
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1) Plan a separate study a prioriy for that purpose
2) Unless overwhelming contrary evidence, assume overall findings of a study apply to all subgroups |
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Two main problems with finding effect modification
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1) Inadequate power in subgroups
2) Multiple comparisons (some findings will be significant by chance alone) |
