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6 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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what is surveillance?
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A systematic collection of data pertaining to the occurrences of specific diseases, the analysis and interpretation of these data, and the dissemination of consolidated and processed information to contributors to the program and other interested persons”
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Notes:
Surveillance is the cornerstone of PH epidemiology, it accounts for almost every aspect of PH/ epidemiology practice. *Collect, analyze, interpret, disseminate |
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Purpose of surveillance:
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Assess PH status
Define PH priorities Evaluate PH programs Conduct Research |
Notes: *** Assess PH status- trends and patterns in different pops in different times PH priorities- In PH, monies and resource are limited so we need an idea of increase morbidity and mortality to implement programs to reduce this Evaluate PH programs- again, limited resources and monies so if implement a program that is resource intensive need to justify/determine it is accomplishing its goals Conduct research- not really research in terms of analytic studies in epidemiology but laboratory and program based research |
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Data Analysis & Interpretation
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Person, place, time
Crude number cases or outcome Rates Data and presentation are extremely important Decision makers at various levels can readily see and understand implications of information |
Notes:
Surveillance is basic and descriptive in nature The most important skill and ability lies in: 1) how you want to break down the description: so are we looking at different ages and gender? What will we use as cut points? This will affect our results. and 2) how you will present the data: there is a balance in including all pertinent information while also making the data easy to understand while highlighting the major point. In PH practice you will many times be dealing with non-epis who are decision makers and you need to make sure they understand the story, what you are trying to tell them about the data using graphs, charts, tables |
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Types of surveillance
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Active
Characteristic: At the petition of the HD; collection of case reports from HC providers, facilities or collection by means of surveys Advantage: Data are more accurate than in other types of surveillance, ideal for chronic and long duration diseases Disadvantage: Expensive and not adequate for some acute, short duration of diseases |
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Types of surveillance #2
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Passive
Characteristic: Periodic and regular reports of cases given by health care professionals (at their discretion) Advantage: Inexpensive Disadvantage: Data likely to underestimate the presence of disease in the population |
Surveillance as previously mentioned is the cornerstone of PH practice/epidemiology as it has such a wide range of uses. Again, it will affect every other area of PH
Past and current examples to highlight each use will be provided |
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Uses of surveillance:
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Estimate magnitude of the problem
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Notes: how big/small is the problem?
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