Epi Exam I

Front 1

Health --> ______ --> ______ --> death and disability

Back 1

risk factors
disease

Front 2

name the upstream determinants of the evans and stoddart model

Back 2

behavioral factors
social environment
built environment
genetic makeup

Front 3

Describe population health science

Back 3

body of scientific disciplines interested in the study of the distribution, determinants, and means for the control of health and disease states in the population. Includes medicine, nursing, pharmacy, clinical reserach, health services research, etc etc

Front 4

what is health as defined by the WHO

Back 4

state of complete physical, mental, and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Front 5

draw the disease causation continuum

Back 5

Front 6

draw the disease causation continuum for CVD

Back 6

Front 7

draw an example of the disease causation continuum from smoking to lung cancer

Back 7

Front 8

draw the wisconsin model

Back 8

Front 9

The epidemiologic triad includes host, agent, and environment. Give examples of each of these categories.

Back 9

host- age, sex, marital status, previous disease, cultural habits, job

Agents-- biologic, chemical, physical, nutritional

Environment-- temperature, humidity, altitude, housing, crowding, water, radiation, air pollution, noise, advertising, marketing!

Front 10

Definition. study of how disease is distributed in population and the factors that influence or determine this distribution

Back 10

epidemiology

Front 11

Describe the natural history of disease.

Back 11

state of pathological onset
presymptomatic stage
clinical manifest of disease
outcome

Front 12

What do you call the time period between the pathological onset and the first symptom?

Back 12

incubation period

Front 13

what is an epidemic?

Back 13

occurrence in a community or region of cases of an illness, health related behavior, or health related event clearly in EXCESS of normal expectancy

Front 14

Name the determinants of disease etiology and natural history

Back 14

causes (risk factors)
prognostic factors
evaluating treatment

Front 15

define incidence

Back 15

The number of NEW cases of a disease in a population during a specified period of time

Front 16

define mortality

Back 16

incidence of death

Front 17

define prevalence

Back 17

number of existing cases of disease in a population at some point in time

Front 18

define endemic

Back 18

constant presence of a disease or infectious agent within a given geographic area of a population group

Front 19

define pandemic

Back 19

epidemic occurring over a very wide area, usually affecting a large proportion of a population

Front 20

define epidemic

Back 20

occurrence in community or region of cases of an illness, health related behavior, or health related event clearly in excess of normal expectancy

Front 21

Draw the 2x2 table

Back 21

Front 22

draw the epidemiologic triad

Back 22

Front 23

what is an epidemic curve?

Back 23

histogram representing times of clinical disease onset in individuals

Front 24

who is the father of epidemiology

Back 24

john snow

Front 25

incidence =

Back 25

Front 26

prevalence =

Back 26

Front 27

What are the main purposes of controlled trials

Back 27

to balance the groups according to measurable and unmeasurable factors and probable confoudning features. To avoid bias from stass. To provide basis for statistical testing.

Front 28

name the main features of controlled trials

Back 28

randomization
blinding
placebo

Front 29

when is blinding really important

Back 29

for subjective outcomes

Front 30

What are three types of controlled trials?

Back 30

FDA therapeutic trials
according to type of intervention
according to patient allocation

Front 31

What are some examples of controlled trials according to patient allocation

Back 31

parallel
crossover-- one group begins with therapy A and then moves to therapy B
Factorial -- when more than one drug is tested

Front 32

what are the benefits of a crossover controlled trial?

Back 32

each patient is his or her own control

Front 33

what is case fatality rate?

Back 33

incidence of death among people with the disease

Front 34

state the steps of kaplan meier approach.

Back 34

1. Sort the survival times from longest to shortest
2. For each time of occurrence of an event, compute the conditional survival time
3. For each time of occurrence of an event, compute the cumulative survival. **Multiply all prior conditional probabilities of survival at each time point.

Front 35

what does 210.2 per person year mean?

Back 35

1 person will have this occurrence 210 times per year

Front 36

Odds =

Back 36

prob/(1-prob)

Front 37

true or ralse. You can use incidence, mortaility, or prevalance to calculate the odds

Back 37

true!

Front 38

end lecture 4

Back 38

lecture 4

Front 39

If the probability of an event is 50%, what are the odds?

Back 39

33%

Front 40

explain what is going on.

Back 40

Person years-- conditional probability of kaplain meier.

Front 41

calculate the person years for one year.

Back 41

Front 42

what are the odds?

Back 42