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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Multifactorial disease has
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necessary and contributing causes, combine to be sufficient
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Observational study
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observe associations between exposure and disease in field, selection of groups based on a certain factor, no intervention or random assignment
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Cohort study
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subjects selected based on exposure status
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Cohort study used to
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calculate disease risk, compare development in exposed vs unexposed, test association of disease and exposure
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Case control study
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select subjects based on disease status
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Case control studies used to
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compare frequency of exposure in diseased vs. non, test association of disease with exposure factors
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Cross-sectional studies
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select subject based on niether disease nor exposure
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Cross-sectional studies used to
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explore relationship between exposure and disease, determine prevalences
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Ecological studies
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observe proportion of exposure and disease in group/population
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Ecological fallacy
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assumption that associations at group level are the same at the individual level
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Evans postulates
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disease prevalence higher in exposed, exposure more common in those with disease, incidence of disease higher in those exposed
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Experimental studies
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test associations between exposure and disease, interventions randomly allocated
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Negative control gets
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placebo
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Positive control gets
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known/typical treatment
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