Ephe 141 - Lab Quiz #9 - Cardiovascular System Ii

Front 1

def: circulation that begins at aortic valve & ends at entrance to right atrium.

Back 1

systemic circulation

Front 2

How many branches does the aortic arch have?

Back 2

3

Front 3

Descending aorta aka? (2)

Back 3

1. thoraic aorta (in thorax)
2. abdominal aorta (in abdomen)

Front 4

Name the 3 branches of the aortic arch.

Back 4

1. brachiocephalic artery
2. left common carotid artery
3. left subclavian artery

Front 5

The brachiocephalic artery divides into what 2 branches?

Back 5

1. right subclavian artery
2. right common carotid artery

Front 6

The right vertebral artery branches off of the ?

Back 6

right subclavian artery

Front 7

The right carotid sinus branches off of the ?

Back 7

right common carotid artery

Front 8

What 2 arteries branch off the right carotid sinus?

Back 8

1. right internal carotid artery
2. right external carotid artery

Front 9

The left carotid sinus branches off the?

Back 9

left common carotid artery

Front 10

The left vertebral artery branches off the?

Back 10

left subcalvian artery

Front 11

What 2 arteries branch off the left carotid sinus?

Back 11

1. left internal carotid artery
2. left external carotid artery

Front 12

The right and left vertebral arteries join to form the ?

Back 12

basilar artery

Front 13

circle of Willis aka?

Back 13

cerebral arterial circle

Front 14

Branches of the right and left internal carotid arteries join with the ________ artery to form the cerebral arterial circle.

Back 14

basilar

Front 15

def: travel alongside an artery of the same name (except in the head and anterior vertebral column area). In the limbs they are often paired.

Back 15

deep veins

Front 16

What does is mean to say that the deep veins in the limbs are often paired?

Back 16

they run parallel to one another

Front 17

def: the veins in the limbs are paired, running parallel to one another, with both veins lying on the sides of an artery.

Back 17

venae comitantes

Front 18

What veins vary considerably between individuals and even between left and right sides on the same individual?

Back 18

superficial veins

Front 19

def: venous channels enclosed within the dura mater that convey blood from the brain, meninges and skull to the internal jugular veins.

Back 19

venous sinuses

Front 20

Give an example of a dural sinus.

Back 20

superior sagittal sinus.

Front 21

What does the superior sagittal sinus drain?

Back 21

the brain

Front 22

What vein(s) does the superior sagittal sinus drain into?

Back 22

right and left internal jugular veins

Front 23

What vein drains the facial muscles?

Back 23

right and left internal jugular veins

Front 24

What drains the scalp & lower facial areas?

Back 24

right and left external jugular veins

Front 25

The right and left external jugular veins drain into the ?

Back 25

right and left subclavian veins.

Front 26

The right and left subclavian veins & the right and left internal jugular veins & the right and left vertebral veins drain into the ?

Back 26

right and left brachiocephalic veins

Front 27

What areas do the right and left vertebral veins drain?

Back 27

cervical areas

Front 28

The right and left brachiocephlic veins drains into the ?

Back 28

superior vena cava

Front 29

The vertebral arteries branch off of the ?

Back 29

subcalvian artery

Front 30

The internal thoracic artery branches off of the ?

Back 30

subclavian artery

Front 31

What does the internal thoracic artery supply blood to?

Back 31

1. intercostal spaces
2. breast
3. scapula

Front 32

Name the 3 arteries that branch off of the axillary artery.

Back 32

1. thoracoacromial trunk
2. subscapular artery
3. humeral circumflex artery

Front 33

What does the internal thoracic artery supply blood to?

Back 33

intercostal spaces, breast & scapula

Front 34

What does the thoracoacromial trunk supply blood to? (2)

Back 34

1. pectoralis muscle
2. deltoid muscle

Front 35

What does the subscapular artery supply blood to? (2)

Back 35

1. subscapular region
2. latissimus dorsi muscle

Front 36

What does the humeral circumflex artery supply blood to? (2)

Back 36

1. deltoid muscle
2. shoulder joint

Front 37

What does the brachial artery supply blood to?

Back 37

anterior muscles of arm

Front 38

What artery supplies blood to the biceps brachii muscle?

Back 38

brachial artery

Front 39

Name the 3 arteries that branch off of the brachial artery

Back 39

1. deep brachial artery
2. radial artery
3. ulnar artery

Front 40

Deep brachial artery supplies blood to?

Back 40

triceps brachii muscle

Front 41

Radial artery supplies blood to?

Back 41

brachioradialis muscle

Front 42

Ulnar artery supplies blood to?

Back 42

1. deep flexor
2. extensor muscles

Front 43

The palmar arches branch off of what artery?

Back 43

ulnar artery

Front 44

Name the 2 palmar arches.

Back 44

1. deep palmar arch
2. superficial palmar arch

Front 45

def: 2 arteries that fuse together, serving as backup routes for blood to flow if one link is blocked or otherwise compromised

Back 45

arterial anastomosis

Front 46

def: direct connection between artiole and venuole bypassing capillary bed

Back 46

arteriovenous anastomsis

Front 47

In what 4 organs are arterial anastomosis found?

Back 47

1. heart
2. brain
3. stomach
4. liver

Front 48

What is the purpose of anastomosis?

Back 48

ensures blood supply to tissues if an artery becomes damaged of blocked

Front 49

Where are arteriovenous anastomsis frequently found?

Back 49

1. within diarthrotic joints
2. visceral organs

Front 50

Why is the design of arteriovenous anastomsis functionally important?

Back 50

smooth muscle can contract and relax to regulate amount of blood entering the capillary bed - when the anastomsis are dilated, blood will bypass the capillary bed and flow directly into venous circulation

Front 51

The common iliac artery divides into what 2 arteries?

Back 51

1. external iliac artery
2. internal iliac artery

Front 52

The internal iliac artery divides into what 2 arteries?

Back 52

1. superior/inferior gluteal artery
2. obturator artery

Front 53

What region of the body does the internal iliac artery supply blood to?

Back 53

pelvic & perineum

Front 54

The superior/inferior gluteal artery supplies blood to what muscles?

Back 54

gluteal muscles

Front 55

The obturator artery supplies blood to what body region?

Back 55

medial thigh

Front 56

The obturator artery supplies blood to what muscles?

Back 56

adductor muscles

Front 57

The femoral artery starts at what ligament?

Back 57

inguinal ligament

Front 58

The femoral artery feeds what muscle group?

Back 58

quadriceps muscle group

Front 59

The deep femoral artery feeds what muscles?

Back 59

hamstrings

Front 60

Name the 2 femoral circumflex arteries.

Back 60

1. medial femoral circumflex artery
2. lateral femoral circumflex artery

Front 61

The femoral artery turns into the ? at the knee.

Back 61

poplital artery

Front 62

The popliteal artery turns into the ? (2)

Back 62

1. posterior tibial artery
2. anterior tibial artery

Front 63

The anterior tibial artery supplies blood to what muscles?

Back 63

tibialis anterior m.

Front 64

The dorsalis pedis artery branches off the ?

Back 64

anterior tibials artery

Front 65

What artery feeds the dorsum of the foot?

Back 65

dorsalis pedis artery

Front 66

What arteries supplies the plantar flexors?

Back 66

tibial arteries

Front 67

What artery supplies the fibularis muscles?

Back 67

fibular artery

Front 68

What artery supplies the lateral leg region?

Back 68

fibular artery

Front 69

What arteries supplies the plantar region of the foot?

Back 69

medial & lateral plantar arteries

Front 70

The common iliac artery comes form the ?

Back 70

abdominal aorta (aka thoracic aorta)

Front 71

posterior intercostal arteries anastomose with ?

Back 71

anterior intercostal arteries

Front 72

The intercostal arteries branch off of the ?

Back 72

internal thoracic artery

Front 73

Intercostal arteries serve which general muscles?

Back 73

chest muscles & vertebral column

Front 74

What arteries supply the tissues of the conducting passageways of the lungs with oxygenated blood?

Back 74

bronchial arteries

Front 75

Celiac artery divides into how many branches?

Back 75

3

Front 76

Name the 3 branches that the celiac artery divides into.

Back 76

1. left gastric artery
2. splenic artery
3. common hepatic artery

Front 77

What artery supplies the stomach & inferior portion of esophagus.

Back 77

left gastric artery

Front 78

The splenic artery serves what 3 organs?

Back 78

1. spleen
2. arteries to stomach
3. pancreas

Front 79

The common hepatic artery serves what organ?

Back 79

liver

Front 80

What arteries feeds the pancreas? (2)

Back 80

1. splenic artery
2. superior mesenteric artery

Front 81

What artery feeds the liver & sends branches to the stomach, duodenum & gallbladder?

Back 81

common hepatic artery

Front 82

The common hepatic artery feeds what organs? (4)

Back 82

1. liver
2. stomach
3. duodenum
4. gallbladder

Front 83

The superior mesenteric artery sends off branches to the? (4)

Back 83

1. pancreas
2. duodenum
3. small intestine
4. most of large intestine

Front 84

Name the arteries that feed the duodenum.

Back 84

1. common hapatic artery
2. superior mesenteric artery

Front 85

Name the artery that feeds the terminal parts of the large intestine, including the rectum.

Back 85

inferior mesenteric artery

Front 86

What artery feeds the pelvic organs and lower limbs?

Back 86

right and left common iliac arteries

Front 87

def: a network of portal vessels connecting 2 capillary beds; it takes venous blood to the liver for processing and storage

Back 87

hepatic portal system

Front 88

What vein drains the head, thorax, azygos system and upper limbs?

Back 88

superior vena cava

Front 89

def: a veinous system running up the right side of the thoracic vertebral column, providing an alternate path for blood to the superior vena cava.

Back 89

azygos system

Front 90

What vein drains the heart?

Back 90

coronary sinus

Front 91

The superior vena cava & coronary sinus drain into the ?

Back 91

right atrium of heart

Front 92

The inferior vena cava drains into the ?

Back 92

right atrium of the heart

Front 93

What body regions does the inferior vena cava drain?

Back 93

1. trunk
2. lower limbs
3. non-digestive abdominal organs

Front 94

The hepatic veins drain into what?

Back 94

inferior vena cava

Front 95

The liver capillary beds drain into the ?

Back 95

hepatic veins

Front 96

The hepatic portal vein drains into the?

Back 96

liver capillary beds

Front 97

What 2 veins drain into the hepatic portal vein?

Back 97

1. superior mesentieric vein
2. splenic vein

Front 98

The splenic vein drains into the?

Back 98

hepatic portal vein

Front 99

The inferior mesenteric vein drains into the ?

Back 99

splenic vein

Front 100

The superior mesenteric vein drains into the?

Back 100

hepatic portal vein

Front 101

What organs does the superior mesenteric vein drain?

Back 101

1. stomach
2. small intestine
3. 2/3 of large intestine

Front 102

What organs does the splenic vein drain?

Back 102

1. spleen
2. lateral border of stomach
3. pancreas

Front 103

The inferior mesenteric vein drains the? (4)

Back 103

1. capillaries from inferior portion of large intestine
2. colon
3. sigmoid colon
4. rectum

Front 104

What drains into the superior vena cava?

Back 104

posterior thoracic vessels

Front 105

The posterior intercostal veins drain into the ?

Back 105

azygos system

Front 106

How many internal thoracic veins?

Back 106

2 (one on each side of artery of same name)

Front 107

The internal thoracic veins drain what?

Back 107

internal thoracic wall

Front 108

The anterior intercostal veins drain the?

Back 108

internal thoracic veins

Front 109

What veins drain the lower limbs?

Back 109

right and left common iliac veins

Front 110

The internal iliac veins drains the ?

Back 110

pelvis

Front 111

The hepatic portal system takes venous blood from the ?

Back 111

1. small intestine
2. parts of the large intestine
3. stomach
4. pancreas

Front 112

How is the blood flowing in the hepatic portal system different from that of other venous blood? why?

Back 112

blood contains more glucose and amino acids - b/c it travels to liver for processing and storage

Front 113

What vein drains the spleen?

Back 113

splenic vein

Front 114

Give the pathway for a RBC to travel from small intestine to right atrium.

Back 114

superior mesenteric vein --> hepatic portal vein --> liver --> hepatic vein --> inferior vena cava --> right atrium

Front 115

def: dilated segment of internal carotid artery whose walls contain receptor cells sensitive to change in blood pressure.

Back 115

carotid sinus

Front 116

Where is the carotid sinus located?

Back 116

base of internal carotid artery (may extend along portion of common carotid artery)

Front 117

Name the 2 receptors found in the carotid sinus.

Back 117

1. baroceptors
2. chemoreceptors

Front 118

def: cells, located in the arteries, that monitor blood pressure.

Back 118

baroceptors

Front 119

def: receptor that detects chemical changes, eg. oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.

Back 119

chemoreceptors

Front 120

Why does blood leaving the intestines first go to the liver?

Back 120

blood contains high amounts of glucose, amino acids & other nutrients & toxins absorbed from digestive tract - these need processing before going to systemic circuit = blood composition relatively stable.

Front 121

What is the lymphatic system composed of?

Back 121

1. lympathetic vessels
2. lymphoid tissues
3. lymph fluid (CT)
4. lymphoid organs e.g. lymph nodes

Front 122

True or False?

Lymph fluid is connective tissue.

Back 122

True

Front 123

List the functions of the lymphatic system.

Back 123

1. defense
2. maintains normal blood volume
3. provides means of equalizing chemical composition of interstitial fluid
4. provides alternative route for hormones, nutrients & waste products.

Front 124

What provides the route for the absorption of most fats?

Back 124

lymphatic system

Front 125

def: interstitial fluid, lymphocytes, macrophages

Back 125

lymph

Front 126

Interstitial fluid is like what other bodily fluid?

Back 126

blood plasma

Front 127

The lymph capillaries in the leg/thigh drain into ?

Back 127

lymph collecting vessels

Front 128

The lymph capillaries in the leg/thigh drain into lymph collecting vessels and then into what trunk?

Back 128

lumbar trunk

Front 129

The lumbar trunk drains what regions of the body?

Back 129

1. lower limbs
2. pelvic
3. anterior abdominal wall organs

Front 130

The lumbar trunk of the lymphatic system drains into the?

Back 130

cisterna chyli

Front 131

The cisterna chyli drains into the ?

Back 131

thoracic lymph duct

Front 132

The thoracic lymph duct drains into the ?

Back 132

left subclavian vein

Front 133

The left subclavian veins drains to the ?

Back 133

superior vena cava

Front 134

Where does the lymphatic system enter the vascular system?

Back 134

when the thoracic lymph duct drains into the superior vena cava

Front 135

The lacteals of the intestinal vili drain into what vessels?

Back 135

lymph collecting vessels

Front 136

After the lacteals of the intestinal vili drain into the lymph collecting vessels, where do they drain?

Back 136

into intestinal trunk

Front 137

The intestinal trunk of the lymphatic system drains into ?

Back 137

cisterna chyli

Front 138

What 2 vessels drain into the cisterna chyli?

Back 138

1. lumbar trunk
2. intestinal trunk

Front 139

The intestinal trunk drains what ?

Back 139

1. stomach
2. intestines & other digestive organs

Front 140

What area of the body does the thoracic (left) lymph duct drain?

Back 140

entire body inferior to diaphragm & left side superior to diaphragm

Front 141

left lymph duct aka?

Back 141

thoracic lymph duct

Front 142

Where does the thoracic (left) lymph duct empty into the cardiovascular system?

Back 142

left subclavain vein near left internal jugular vein

Front 143

The right lymphatic duct receives lymph from what part of the body?

Back 143

right side of body superior to diaphragm

Front 144

Where does the right lymphatic duct empty into the cardiovascular system?

Back 144

venous system near right internal jugular veins & right subclavian vein

Front 145

Lymphoid nodules are found in what tissue?

Back 145

loose CT of mucous membranes lining respiratory tract, digestive tract, urinary tract, reproductive tract

Front 146

def: clusters of lymphoid nodules found in the intestinal wall

Back 146

Peyer's patches (aggregated lymphoid nodules)

Front 147

large lymph nodules in the pharyngeal wall are called?

Back 147

tonsils

Front 148

What is the function of the tonsils?

Back 148

gather & remove pathogens that enter the pharynx in either inspired air or food

Front 149

def: the lymphatic tissue associated with the whole digestive tract

Back 149

gut-associated lymphatic tissue (GALT)
or
mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)

Front 150

What kind of connective tissue provides the internal structure of the lymph node?

Back 150

reticular tissue

Front 151

Do both the afferent and efferent lymph vessels contain one way valves?

Back 151

yes

Front 152

The cortex of lymph nodes in broken into what 2 layers?

Back 152

1. outer cortex
2. deep cortex

Front 153

def: inner area of the lymph node near the hilus

Back 153

medulla

Front 154

def: site where efferent vessels exit and blood vessels/nerves enter and exit the lymph node.

Back 154

hilum

Front 155

lymph nodes are especially numerous at the?

Back 155

"gateway areas"

Front 156

What is the function of the thymus?

Back 156

to make functionally competent T-cells

Front 157

What is the function of the spleen?

Back 157

1. removal of abnormal blood cells
2. storage of iron recycled from broken down RBC
3. initiation of immune response by B & T cells in response to antigens circulating in blood

Front 158

def: structure that contains a mass of fused lymphoid nodules, and its B-cells produce antibodies which help destroy bacterial and viral invaders that have crossed the epithelium of the digestive tract.

Back 158

vermiform appendix

Front 159

What structure helps maintain the blood-bowel barrier?

Back 159

vermiform appendix

Front 160

The vermiform appendix prevents potentially harmful bacteria form entering the ? (2)

Back 160

1. hepatic portal system
2. small intestine