Ephe 141 - Lab Quiz #6 - Nervous System I

Front 1

98% of neural tissue is composed of?

Back 1

brain & spinal cord

Front 2

Give an example of a somatic sensory receptor.

Back 2

heart receptors

Front 3

Give an example of a visceral sensory receptor.

Back 3

stretch receptors in stomach

Front 4

def: organs within ventral cavity of body

Back 4

visceral organs

Front 5

Give an example of a special sensory receptor.

Back 5

receptors in retina of eye

Front 6

What neurons carry input?

afferent or efferent?

Back 6

afferent

Front 7

afferent neurons aka?

Back 7

sensory neurons

Front 8

What job does the brain & spinal cord carry out?

Back 8

information processing

Front 9

What neurons carry output?

afferent or efferent?

Back 9

efferent

Front 10

Somatic sensory receptors, visceral sensory receptors & special sensory receptors all fall under what division of the peripheral nervous system?

afferent division or efferent division?

Back 10

afferent division

Front 11

What are the 2 divisions of the nervous system?

Back 11

1. central nervous system
2. peripheral nervous system

Front 12

What division of the peripheral nervous system is divided into the somatic & autonomic?

Back 12

efferent divison

Front 13

The efferent division of the peripheral nervous system is divided into .... (2)

Back 13

1. somatic
2. autonomic

Front 14

What are the 2 main nervous cell types?

Back 14

1. neurons
2. neuroglia cells

Front 15

What type of neural cells are the supporting cells?

Back 15

neuroglia cells

Front 16

Are neuroglia found in both the central & peripheral nervous system?

Back 16

yes

Front 17

Name the 2 types of neuroglia found in the CNS.

Back 17

1. astrocytes
2. oligodendrocytes

Front 18

Name the 2 types of neuroglia found in the PNS.

Back 18

1. Schwann cells
2. satellite cells

Front 19

What nurons are star shaped?

Back 19

astrocytes

Front 20

What neurons help maintain the blood brain barrier?

Back 20

astrocytes

Front 21

List the jobs of astrocytes (7).

Back 21

1. help maintain blood brain barrier
2. regulate ion concentration
3. regulate nutrients
4. regulate dissolved gas concentration
5. absorb & recycle neurotransmitters
6. form scar tissue after injury
7. provide structural framework

Front 22

What neuroglia in the CNS are the largest & most numerous?

Back 22

astrocytes

Front 23

What cells surround the cell bodies in ganglia of PNS?

Back 23

satellite cells

Front 24

What cells regulate oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients & neurotransmitter levels around neurons in ganglia?

Back 24

satellite cells

Front 25

List the 4 jobs of satellite cells.

Back 25

1. regulate oxygen
2. regulate carbon dioxide
3. regulate nutrients
4. regulate neurotransmitter levels around neurons in ganglia

Front 26

def: cells responsible for the transfer & processing of information in the nervous system

Back 26

neurons

Front 27

What is the function of a neuron?

Back 27

responsible for the transfer & processing of information in the nervous system

Front 28

def: neuroglia which insulate axons in the central nervous system.

Back 28

oligodendrocytes

Front 29

def: neuroglia which myelinate axons in the PNS, play a role in nerve development and regeneration.

Back 29

schwann cells

Front 30

Name the 3 types of neurons.

Back 30

1. sensory neurons
2. motor neurons
3. interneurons

Front 31

Name 4 structural types of neurons.

Back 31

1. anaxonic
2. bipolar
3. pseudopolar
4. multipolar

Front 32

def: a central nervous system neuron that has many processes but no apparent axon.

Back 32

anaxonic neuron

Front 33

What is the job of the myelin sheath?

Back 33

improves conduction velocity of an action potential

Front 34

def: the outer surface or sheath of a Schwann cell

Back 34

neurilemma

Front 35

Where are the Nodes of Ranvier located?

Back 35

in the myelin sheath along the axon

Front 36

What is the other word for the cell body?

Back 36

soma

Front 37

In the PNS, neuron cell bodies are found clustered together in masses called ?

Back 37

ganglia

Front 38

Which are larger?

neuroglia or neurons?

Back 38

neurons

Front 39

What is the function of the sensory (afferent) neurons?

Back 39

to deliver info to the CNS

Front 40

What does a receptor do?

Back 40

responds to stimuli & triggers sensory enurons to send this info the CNS

Front 41

What are the 2 general classifications of receptors?

Back 41

1. general senses
2. special senses

Front 42

Name the 3 types of general sense receptors.

Back 42

1. interoceptors
2. proprioceptors
3. exteroceptors

Front 43

What kind of receptors are responsible for the visceral/internal environment?

Back 43

interoceptors

Front 44

What kind of receptors are responsible for the position of skeletal muscles & joints?

Back 44

proprioceptors

Front 45

What kind of receptors are responsible for the somatic/external environment?

Back 45

exteroceptors

Front 46

Name the 5 special senses.

Back 46

1. olfaction (smell)
2. gustation (taste)
3. equilibrium
4. hearing
5. vision

Front 47

Where are the organs for equilibrium?

Back 47

hair cells in inner ear
vestibular complex

Front 48

Where are the organs for hearing?

Back 48

auditory ossicles (ear bones)

Front 49

Where are the organs for vision?

Back 49

eyeballs & optic nerve

Front 50

Interoceptor information is carried by...

visceral sensory neurons? or
somatic sensory neurons?

Back 50

visceral sensory neurons

Front 51

Exteroceptor & Proprioceptor information is carried by...

visceral sensory neurons? or
somatic sensory neurons?

Back 51

somatic sensory neurons

Front 52

Name the 3 general sense receptors.

Back 52

1. interoceptors
2. exteroceptors
3. proprioceptors

Front 53

Which body systems do interoceptors monitor? (5)

Back 53

1. digestive
2. respiratory
3. cardivascular
4. urinary
5. reproductive

Front 54

What receptors provide sensation of deep pressure?

Back 54

interoceptors

Front 55

Exteroceptors provide what type of information about external stimuli? (6)

Back 55

1. touch
2. temperature
3. pressure
4. sight
5. smell
6. hearing

Front 56

Give 2 proprioceptors (name, location, & function)

Back 56

1. muscle spindles - found in joint capsule - monitor length of skeletal muscles

2. Golgi tendon organs - found in joint capsule - monitor tension in tendons during muscle contraction

Front 57

def: receptor for pain

Back 57

nociceptor

Front 58

Where are nociceptors located?

Back 58

1. superficial portions of skin
2. joint capsules
3. within periostea of bones

Front 59

Where are thermoreceptors located?

Back 59

1. dermis of skin
2. skeletal muscle
3. hypothalamus

Front 60

Where are chemoreceptors located?

Back 60

1. carotid arteries
2. aortic bodies
3. digestive tract

Front 61

What do mechanoreceptors respond to?

Back 61

1. physical distortion
2. physical contact
3. pressure

Front 62

Where are Meissner's corpuscles located?

Back 62

1. eyelids
2. lips
3. nipples
4. fingertips
5. external genitalia

Front 63

def: a type of mechanoreceptor in the skin that is responsible for sensitivity to light touch.

Back 63

Meissner's corpuscles (aka tactile corpuscles)

Front 64

Where are Ruffini corpuscles located?

Back 64

dermis

Front 65

def: a type of mechanoreceptor in the skin that is senstivie to distortion & pressure within skin

Back 65

Ruffini corpuscles

Front 66

What mechanoreceptors monitor blood pressure?

Back 66

Baroreceptors

Front 67

def: one of the four major types of mechanoreceptor - they are nerve endings in the skin, responsible for sensitivity to pain and pressure.

Back 67

Pacinian corpuscles

Front 68

Name the 4 types of mechanoreceptors.

Back 68

1. Meissner's corpuscles
2. Ruffini corpuscles
3. Pacinian corpuscles
4. Baroreceptors

Front 69

def: mechanoreceptors that respond to stretching - they're located in blood vessels.

Back 69

Baroreceptors

Front 70

def: sensory receptors within the belly of a muscle, which primarily detect changes in the length of muscle.

Back 70

muscle spindles

Front 71

def: a proprioceptive sensory receptor organ that is located at the insertion of skeletal muscle fibers into the tendons of skeletal muscle. It provides the sensory component of the tendon reflex.

Back 71

Golgi tendon organ

Front 72

Name the 5 specific sensory receptors found in the skin.

Back 72

1. Pacinian corpuscle
2. root hair plexus
3. free nerve endings for pain
4. mechanoreptors
5. thermoreceptor

Front 73

Classify the Pacinian corpuscle

Back 73

mechanoreceptor

Front 74

Classify the root hair plexus

Back 74

thermoreceptor & mechanoreceptor

Front 75

Classify the free nerve endings for pain.

Back 75

nociceptor

Front 76

Classify the Ruffini corpuscle (skin pressure)

Back 76

mechanoreceptor

Front 77

Classify the free nerve endings for temperature.

Back 77

thermoreceptors

Front 78

What are the 3 was of classifying a receptor?

Back 78

1. general sense
2. stimulus type
3. specific receptor name

Front 79

Give the 3 classifications for a receptor that would sense pressure on the skin.

general sense - stimulus type - specific receptor name

Back 79

general sense = exteroceptor
stimulus type = mechanoreceptor
specific receptor name = ruffini corpuscle

Front 80

Give the 3 classifications for a receptor that would sense a change in muscle length.

general sense - stimulus type - specific receptor name

Back 80

general sense = proprioceptor
stimulus type = mechanoreceptor
specific receptor name = muscle spindle

Front 81

What general type of muscle is the effector in the somatic motor division?

Back 81

skeletal muscle

Front 82

Name 2 general types of effectors.

Back 82

1. muscles
2. glands

Front 83

What is the name of the opening in the skull through which the spinal cord pases?

Back 83

foramen magnum

Front 84

What bones protect the spinal cord?

Back 84

cervial, thoracic (note: spinal cord is not in lumbar region)

Front 85

What are spinal meninges?

Back 85

specialized membranes around spinal cord & nerve roots

Front 86

What is the function of the spinal meninges? (3)

Back 86

1. protection
2. physical stability
3. shock absorption

Front 87

Name the 3 meningeal layers

Back 87

1. arachnoid mater
2. dura mater
3. pia mater

Front 88

describe dura mater

Back 88

tough
fibrous
outermost covering of spinal cord & brain
consists of dense irregular CT

Front 89

What does the epidural space contain?

Back 89

aerolar CT
blood vessels
adipose tissue

Front 90

At what vertebrae level does the spinal cord end?

Back 90

1st lumbar vertebra (L1)

Front 91

At what level is a spinal tap/lumbar puncture performed?

Back 91

L3 & L4

Front 92

For what area of the meninges is the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drawn?

Back 92

subarachnoid space

Front 93

def: a large bundle of spinal nerves that exist in the inferior end of the spinal cord & continues through the vertebral canal, with individual spinal nerves exiting the canal at each lumbar & sacral level, leading to the torso & legs.

Back 93

cauda equina

Front 94

What matter is organized into columns or "funiculi" & transmit both sensory & motor info to & from the brain?

white matter or gray matter?

Back 94

white matter

Front 95

Through what does the CFS fluid flow?

Back 95

central canal

Front 96

What matter makes an H or butterfly shape?

white matter or gray matter?

Back 96

gray matter

Front 97

The horns (e.g. posterior horns, anterior horns) are what kind of matter?

gray or white?

Back 97

gray matter

Front 98

The lateral horns of the gray matter are only present in what segments of the spinal cord?

Back 98

lateral horns