Epaxial Muscles Of The Neck And Trunk

Front 1

What is the action of the epaxial muscles?

Back 1

extension of vertebral column

--> produce lateral movements when acting

on one side

Front 2

What is the most lateral epaxial muscle system

Back 2

iliocostalis system

Front 3

Iliocostalis system: lumborum m.

origin & insertion

Back 3

Iliocostalis lumborum m.

O: wing of ilium medially w/ longissimus lumborum m.

I: transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae on its way to insert on proximal region of ribs 10-13 (+/- rib 9)

Front 4

Iliocostalis system: thoracis m.

origin & insertion

Back 4

O: cranial borders of vertebral ends of ribs 12-2

I: proximal region of ribs on its way to insert on transverse process of C7

Front 5

Iliocostalis system

innervation, etc.

Back 5

....i dont know

Front 6

Longissimus system consists of

Back 6

-longissimus thoracic et lumborum m.

-longissimus cervicis m.

+/- longissimus atlantis m.

-longissimus capitis m.

Front 7

Innervation of longissimus system

Back 7

dorsal branches of cervical, thoracic, lumbar spinal n.

Front 8

Longissimus thoracis et lumborum m.

Back 8

*stronges muscle of trunk in lumbar/thoracic regions

O: iliac crest

I: C6 & C7

note: attaches to lumbar & thoracic vertebrae

and ribs

Action: extension & fixation of vertebral column

Front 9

Longissimus cervicis m.

Back 9

O: cranial thoracic vertebrae (continuation of longissimus thoracis m.)

I: transverse process of C3-C6 (4 serrations)

A: extend neck

unilaterally raise neck obliquely, turn it to side

Front 10

Longissimus atlantis m.

Back 10

O: articular processes of C7-C4

I: wing of atlas

Front 11

Longissimus capitis m.

Back 11

O: transverse processes of T3-T1 vertebrae & caudal articular processes of C7 to C3 or C4

I: mastoid part of the temporal bone of the skull

A: extension of atlanto-occipital joint, head, neck

Front 12

What is the most medial & deep epaxial muscle mass?

Back 12

Transversospinalis system

Front 13

Splenius m.

Back 13

O: spines of T2-T3, median raphe of neck, cranial portion of thoracolumbar fascia

I: nuchal crest & mastoid part of temporal bone of skull

A: extend & raise head/neck; unilaterally draw head & neck laterally

Front 14

Semispinalis capitis biventer cervicis m.

Back 14

(biventer cervicis) m.

O: transverse processes of T2-T4

I: caudal surface of skull near nuchal crest

A: raise head and neck; unilaterally flex head & neck laterally

Front 15

Semispinalis capitis complexus m.

Back 15

(complexus) m.

O: caudal articular processes of T1-C3

I: nuchal crest of skull

A: raise head & neck; unilaterally flex head & neck laterally

Front 16

Where does the nuchal ligament course?

Back 16

Between spinous processes of C2 (axis) and T1

Front 17

Supraspinous ligament courses where

Back 17

along dorsal surface of spinous processes from T1 to the caudal vertebrae

Front 18

What are the 3 capitis muscles?

Back 18

Rectus capitis dorsalis m.

Obliquus capitis cranialis m.

Obliquus capitis caudalis m.

Front 19

Rectus capitis dorsalis m.

Back 19

3 parts: major, intermediate, major

Major & intermediate

O: spinous process of axis (C2)

I: occipital bone

Minor

O:dorsal arch of atlas (C1)

I: occipital bone

A: extend atlanto-occipital joint

Front 20

Obliquus capitalis cranialis m.

Back 20

O: lateral surface of wing of atlas

I: mastoid process & nuchal crest of skull

A: extend atlanto-occipital joint

Front 21

Obliquus capitis caudalis m.

Back 21

O: spinous process & caudal articular process of axis (C2)

I: wing of atlas

A: Unilateral = rotation of atlas on axis

Bilateral = fixation of atlantoaxial joint

Front 22

Spinalis et semispinalis thoracis et cervicis m.

Back 22

located lateral to thoracic spinous processes, dorsal to cervical vertebrae & dorsomedial to longissimus thoracis m.

O: T11

I: C2

Action: fix thoracic vertebral column & raise neck

Front 23

Spinalis et semispinalis cervicis m.

Back 23

located dorsal to cervical vertebrae & ventral to nuchal ligament

Front 24

Deep epaxial muscles

Back 24

Multifidus m.

Rotator mm.

Interspinales mm.

Intertransversarii mm.

Front 25

Multifidus m. courses between? segments do what?

Back 25

course between sacrum & C2 vertebra (axis)

several muscle segments: generally pass over 2 vertebrae before inserting on spinous process of next vertebra

Front 26

Multifidus lumborum m.

Back 26

O: sacrum & mamillary processes of Ca1-T12

I: spinous vertebrae of processes of L6-T9

***remember that each segment passes over 2

(Ca1 attaches to L6)

Front 27

Multifidus thoracis m.

Back 27

O: mamillary & transverse processes of T11-T3

I: spinous processes of T8-C7

Front 28

Multifidus cervicis m.

Back 28

O: articular processes of T2-C3

I: spinous process of C2 vertebra (axis)

Front 29

Rotator mm. (Long rotator mm.)

Back 29

** only present in cranial thoracic region

Long rotator mm. (i muscles)

-skip 1 vertebra

- transverse process of T10 to spinous process of T8................T3 to T1

Front 30

Rotator mm. (Short rotator mm.)

Back 30

-9 muscles

* between adjacent vertebrae

-transverse process of T10 to spinous process of T9.............T2 to T1

Front 31

Interspinales mm.

Back 31

*between spinous processes of all but caudal vertebrae

Front 32

Intertransversarii mm.

Back 32

*course between transverse processes,

between articular & transverse processes

between mamillary & transverse processes

Front 33

Intertransversarii ________________mm. is found between only transverse processes

Back 33

lateralis????

Front 34

Dorsolateral sacrocaudalis m.

Back 34

*continuation of longissimus .

O: aponeurosis of longissimus & mamillary processes of L6-Ca8

I: Ca5-Ca20

A: LONG extensor or levator of the tail

Front 35

Dorsomedial sacrocaudalis m.

Back 35

*continuation of multifidus m.

O: L7

I: last caudal vertebra

*note: muscles span 1-5 vertebrae

A: SHORT extensor of the tail

Front 36

Dorsal caudal intertransversarius m.

Back 36

*located between sacrum & middle of tail

O/I: attaches to adjacent vertebrae

A: lateral flexor of tail