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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Controls organs which are not under our voluntary control
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Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
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Manages our physiology by regulating cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands
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Autonomic Nervous System
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Effect is either to increase or decrease the intrinsic activity
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ANS - Autonomic Nervous System
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Many types of smooth muscle are spontaneously active and they contract rhythmically without ANS input. T/F
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True
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ANS has 2 neurons in its Efferent Pathway...
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Preganglionic Neuron and Postganglionic Neuron
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The cell body is in the CNS (brain or spinal cord)
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Preganglionic Neuron
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The cell body is in an Autonomic Ganglion
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Postganglionic Neuron
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Controls organs which are not under our voluntary control
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Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
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The Autonomic nervous system manages our physiology by regulating....
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Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands
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How many neurons in the ANS Efferent pathway?
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Two
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The cell body of this neuron is in the CNS (brain or spinal cord)
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Preganglionic Neuron
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Ganglions are in
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PNS
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The cell body is in an Autonomic Ganglion
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Postganglionic Neuron
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Postganglionic axon extends from...
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Autonomic ganglion to Target Tissue
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Neurons that conduct impulses INTO CNS
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Sensory/Afferent
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Neurons that carry impulses OUT of CNS
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Motor/Efferent
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Integrate the activity of the nervous system and are located entirely inside CNS
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Association/Interneurons
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The two divisions of the ANS
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Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
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The two divisions of the ANS usually have ______ effects
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Antagonistic
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Mediates Fight, flight, and stress reactions...
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Sympathetic
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Mediates Rest and Digest Reactions
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Parasympathetic
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Thoracolumbar division refers to...
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The Sympathetic Division
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The preganglionic fibers exit spinal cor from T1 to L2 in the ANS Division
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Sympathetic or Thoracolumbar Division.
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Sympathetic preganglionic fibers synapse with...
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Postganglionic neurons in the paravertebral ganlglia
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Form chain of interconnected ganglia parallel to the spinal cord.
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Paravertevral Ganglia of the sympathetic division
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Sympathetic division is characterized by...
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Divergence and Convergence
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Preganglionic fibers branch to synapse with number of postganlionic neurons..
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Divergence
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Postganglionic neurons receive synaptic input from large number of preganglionic fibers
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Convergence
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The sympathetic division acts mostly as one unit, termed _____ becuase of _____
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Mass Activation, Divergence and convergence
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Collateral ganglion
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Some preganglionic fibers do not synapse in paravertebral ganglion but go to outlying collateral ganglion
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The adrenal medulla is located...
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in adrenal gland on top of kidney.
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Secretory cells of adrenal medulla..
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Appear to be modified postganglionic neurons
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Adrenal Medulla releases....
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85% Epinephrine
15% Norepinephrine |
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When is the adrenal medulla stimulated?
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During mass activation
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Another name for the parasympathetic division
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Craniosacral division...because long preganglionic fibers originate in midbrain, medulla oblongata, pons, and S2-S4
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Where do Long preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic synapse
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In terminal ganglia located next to or withing target organ.
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Postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic have...
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short axons that innervate target organ
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Where are most parasympathetic fibers carried?
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On the long Vagus Nerve
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Vagus Nerve innervates...
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Heart, lungs, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, small intestine, and upper half of the large intestine.
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Preganglionic fibers of parasympathetic innervate...
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lower half of large intestine, rectum, urinary and reproductive systems
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Acetylcholine is released by...
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both sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionics
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Parasympathetic Postganglionics release:
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Acetylchloine called cholinergeic synapses
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Most sympathetic postganglionics release:
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Norepinephrin (noradenaline) called adrenergic synapses...a small number release ACh
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Causes both excitation or inhibition depending on tissue because of different types of receptors for same NT
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Adrenergic Stimulation
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Two major types of adrenergic stimullation
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alpha and beta
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Drugs that promote actions of a NT
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Agonists
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Where is Ach used at in Cholinergic Stimulation?
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All motor neuron synapses on skeletal muscle. All preganglionics (symp. and parasymp.). Plus Parasympathetic Postgaglionics.
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2 Subtypes of Cholinergic Receptors.
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Nicotinic and Muscarinic.
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Nicotinic
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Cholinergic receptor stimulated by Nicotine and Blocked by Curare.
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Muscarinic
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Cholinergic Receptor stimulated by muscarine and blocked by Atropine
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Some postganglionics synapses do not use norepinephrine or Ach as NT and they are called
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Nonadrenergic, noncholinergic.
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Nonadrenergic/Noncholinergic use...
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ATP, Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), or Nitric Oxide (NO)
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What does nitric oxide do
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produses smooth muscle relaxation in many tissues (brain)
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Most visceral organs receive what type of innervation...
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Dual Innervation ...supplied by both sympathetic and parasymp.
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How is regulation acheiv ed in organs without dual innervation?
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By increasing or decreasing firing rate.
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Organs that recieve ONLY Sympathetic Innervation...
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Adrenal medulla, arrector pili muscle, sweat glands, most blood vessels.
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Most directly controls activity of ANS
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Medulla
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Has centers for control of Cardiovascular, pulmonary, urinary, reproductive, and digestive systems.
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Medulla
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Has centers for control of body temp, hunger, and thirst...and can regulate medulla
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Hypothalamus
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Responsible for Visceral Responses that reflect emotional states
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Limbic System
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Also influence ANS...
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Cerebral cortex and cerebellum
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