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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define sarcopenia and osteopenia
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Sarcopenia: loss of muscle associate with aging
Osteopenia: less severe loss of bone mass with aging compared to osteoporosis |
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What happens to height anf wiehgt during aging?
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Lose height because of compression of intraverbreal discs and poor posture in early aging. Poor diet and exercise contribute to development of osteoporosis.
A gain in weight occurs between ages 25-45 because of a decrease in physical activity levels and excess calorie intake. Weight stabilizes after age 45 for ten to fifteen years, and then decreases as the body loses bone calcium and muscle mass. There is a reduced ability to mobilize fat storage. Exercise reduces weight gain as you get older, but older athletes in general just have more fat than younger athletes. |
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What happens to bone content with aging?
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Poor diet and exercise contribute to loss as people age. There is a decrease in bone Ca and osteoporosis can occur. Especially in women, decreased levels of estrogen after menopause have a greater rate of bone loss. The reabsorption of osteoclasts exceeds synthesis of osteoblasts resulting in bone loss.
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What happens to muscle mass with aging?
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Decreases progressively in both men and women beginning at age 40. Decline in activity levels, also rate of muscle protein synthesis is reduced, while muscle protein breakdown rate is unchanged. This reduction is associated with declines in growth hormone and insulin-like profactors. Resistance training in older athletes/ adults will most likely increase fat free mass than aerobic training.
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what happens to muscle strength with aging?
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Maximal strength decreases steadily with aging and eventually declines enough that simple tasks become challenging. Reduction in strength with aging is modality specific in that losses in isokinetic strength are greatest at high angular velocities and losses in concentric strength. Losses in concentric strength are greater than losses in eccentric strength. Resistance training is the best at maintaining muscle mass and strength.
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What happens to muscle fiber type with age?
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Greater proportion of Type I
Both number and size of muscle fibers decrease with age. |
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How does HR change as we age?
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Max HR decreases!
As we age, there is a decrease in max heart rate to about 166bpm. Max HR is the same for both trained and sedentary individuals, but resting HR is lower in trained individuals. |
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How does SV change as we age?
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SV decreases!
In highly trained older adults, SV stays the same, but sedentary people have a decrease max SV. It stays the same because the heart retains the Frank-Starling mechanism which is increased end-diastolic volume, maintain stroke volume. |
