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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Views of catastrophism: 1700s-1800
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- There was a single world-wide flood that created the rock layers we see today
- There have been multiple floods - Numerous floods have occurred of which the biblical flood was the last - By the late 1700s most naturalists no longer held to a literal interpretation of the story of Noah |
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James Hutton
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"The present is the key to the past"
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Uniformitarianism
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the slow, gradual processes that are shaping the geology of out planet today are sufficient to explain the geology of the past
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Charles Lyell
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- Cumulative slow change produced by natural processes operating at relatively constant rates
- We need not and should not evoke catastrophes to explain the past - Geologist DO NOT accept this view |
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Scientific Uniformitarianism
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- Invariance of physical laws of the universe
- Physical processes unchanged (be they slow or rapid) |
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Neo-Catastrophism
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- Sudden, high-magnitude events are a part of geological history
- Volcanic eruptions, sudden burial, large regional floods, asteroid impacts |
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Moving of sediment
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- Wind (dust storm)
- Water (flood) - Ice |
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Cement
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mineral material that precipitated between the grains and “glued” them together (cemented rocks)
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Interlocking
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grains tightly interlock with one another like a jigsaw puzzle (crystalline rocks)
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Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
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cemented together fragments of pre-existing rocks (cemented texture)
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Chemical Sedimentary Rocks
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precipitation of crystals out of a solution (interlocking texture)
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Biogenic Sedimentary Rocks
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clasts/grains consists of skeletal material (cemented texture)
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Fluvial Environments (Rivers)
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- River channel
- Ripple marks - Mud cracks - Tool marks - Raindrop impressions - Terrestrial flora and fauna fossils - Freshwater organism fossils - Gravel, sand and silt deposits - Mud and coal |
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Dune Environments (Deserts)
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- Frosted Grains
- Well-sorted sediment - Large cross beds - Terrestrial trace fossils - Evaporites |
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Lake Environments (Lacustrine)
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- Laminated muds
- Mud cracks - Freshwater organisms - Terrestrial fossil animals and vegetation |
