Eomt - Vocabulary Words

Front 1

Superior

Back 1

above
toward the head

Front 2

inferior

Back 2

below
toward the lower end of the body or tail

Front 3

cranial

Back 3

above
toward the head

Front 4

caudal

Back 4

below
toward the lower end of the body or tail

Front 5

anterior

Back 5

front surface of the body
belly side of the body

Front 6

posterior

Back 6

back surface of the body

Front 7

dorsal

Back 7

back surface of the body

Front 8

ventral

Back 8

belly side of the body
front side of the body

Front 9

proximal

Back 9

nearest the point of attachment to the truck (arms or legs)
toward the point of origin (digestive tract)

Front 10

distal

Back 10

farthest from the point of attachment to the truck (arms and legs)
farthest from the point of orgin

Front 11

superficial

Back 11

near the surface of the body

Front 12

deep

Back 12

away from the surface of the body

Front 13

supine

Back 13

lying on the back
face up
palms are facing forward

sUPine

Front 14

prone

Back 14

lying on the abdomen
face down
palms facing down

Front 15

plantar

Back 15

sole of the foot

Front 16

dorsum

Back 16

upper portion of the foot

Front 17

peripheral

Back 17

away from the center

Front 18

abdominopelvic regions

Back 18

right hypochondriac region
epigastric region
left hypochondriac region

right lumbar region
umbilical region
left lumbar region

right inguinal region
hypogastric region
left inguinal region

Front 19

abdominopelvic quadrants

Back 19

Right upper quadrant
left upper quadrant

umbilicus

right lower quadrant
left lower quadrant

Front 20

Planes of the body

Back 20

Transverse (horizontial)
Sagittal plane (in half - top to bottom)
frontal (coronal) plane (front to back, top to bottom)

Front 21

Plane

Back 21

internal, flat surface

Front 22

epigastric

Back 22

pertainig to the stomach - abdominal region

Front 23

Hypogastric

Back 23

pertaining to below the stomach (abdominal region)

Front 24

iliac

Back 24

pertaining to the hip

Front 25

caudal

Back 25

pertaining to the tail
toward the tail

Front 26

cranial

Back 26

pertaining to the skull

Front 27

dorsal

Back 27

pertaining to the back

Front 28

inguinal

Back 28

pertaining to the groin

Front 29

medial

Back 29

pertaining to the middle

Front 30

proximal

Back 30

pertaining to that which is near a point of reference

Front 31

spinal

Back 31

pertaining to the spine

Front 32

ventral

Back 32

pertaining to the front

Front 33

visceral

Back 33

pertaining to the internal organs

Front 34

pelvic

Back 34

pertaining to the pelvis

Front 35

phrenic

Back 35

pertaining to the diaphragm

Front 36

thoracic

Back 36

pertaining to the chest

Front 37

anterior

Back 37

pertaining to the front of the body or organ

Front 38

inferior

Back 38

pertaining to below or in a downward position
a structure below another structure

Front 39

posterior

Back 39

pertaining to the back of the body or an organ

Front 40

superior

Back 40

pertaining to a structure or organ situated either above another or toward the head

Front 41

outer layer of skin

Back 41

epidermis

Front 42

inner layer of skin

Back 42

dermis

Front 43

under the dermis

Back 43

subcutaneous

Front 44

Epidermis consists of...

Back 44

epithelial cells

Front 45

epithelial cells make up

Back 45

epithelium
epithelial tissue

Front 46

epidermis does...

Back 46

covers the body and lines body cavities and organs

Front 47

skin color comes from...

Back 47

melanocytes
found in deeper layers of the skin

Front 48

melanocytes produce

Back 48

melanin, a pigment

Front 49

Keratin is produced by...

Back 49

keratinocytes

Front 50

Keratin does...

Back 50

protein that infiltrates outer cells
makes them tough
waterproof and
bacteria resistant

Called Keratinized cells

Front 51

number of layers in the epidermis

Back 51

4 layers of epithelium in the epidermis
5 layers for the soles of the feet and palms of the hands

Front 52

deepest layer of epidermis

Back 52

basal cells
continuously producing epithelial cells that are pushed toward the surface and die.
Then are filled with keratin

Front 53

Time for epithelial to move to the surface

Back 53

about 2 weeks

Front 54

Most superficial surface of the epidermis

Back 54

Horny layer (hornlike)
Stratum Corneum

Front 55

T/F
Epidermis contains blood vessels and nerves?

Back 55

False

Front 56

Epidermis consists of...

Back 56

epithelial cells
melanocytes
keratinocytes

Tissue type is epithelium

Front 57

dermis is

Back 57

beneath the deepest layer of epidermis
thick layer of connective tissue

Front 58

dermis contains

Back 58

hair follicles
blood vessels
nerves
glands
sensory receptors (touch)

Front 59

dermis does....

Back 59

supplies nutrients to the skin
blod vessels help with homeostasis
(thermoregulation)

Front 60

Dermis tissue cells
strengthen and protects

Back 60

fibroblasts
macrophages
mast cells
plasam cells

Front 61

Fibroblasts

Back 61

produces collagen and elastin

Front 62

collagen

Back 62

most abundant protein in the body -
in bones
tendons
cartilage skin

can be bent
resists breaking and stretching

makes skin tough and durable

Front 63

elastin

Back 63

protein

allows tissue to stretch and recoil

Front 64

macrophages

Back 64

engulf bacteria and
potentially harmful substances

Front 65

Mast cells

Back 65

produce histamine - acts against foreign materials

Front 66

plasma cells

Back 66

produce antibodies - acts against foreign materials

Front 67

subcutaneous tissue

Back 67

connects dermis to muscles and organs beneath it
contains fatty tissue for insulation and cushion

Front 68

hair

Back 68

tube shaped structure

Front 69

epidermis function

Back 69

protection

Front 70

dermis function

Back 70

temperature regulation
sensation
secretion
nutrition
protection

Front 71

hair

Back 71

formed in the follicle

Front 72

hair shaft consists of...

Back 72

keratinized cells

Front 73

nails and cuticle

Back 73

keratinized epithelial cells

Front 74

cuticle

Back 74

eponychium

Front 75

keeps skin soft and waterproof

Back 75

sebaceous glands secrete sebum

Front 76

sweat glands

Back 76

sudoriferous glands

role in thermoregulation

Front 77

ear wax

Back 77

cerumen secreted by ceruminous glands

prevents bacterial infection

Front 78

lack of pigment in eyes, skin, hair

Back 78

albinism

Front 79

pertaining to fat

Back 79

adlipose

Front 80

piece of living tissue removed for microscopic examination

Back 80

tissue biopsy

Front 81

pertaining to a bluish discoloration of skin

Back 81

cyanotic

Front 82

pertaining to around the nail

Back 82

periungual

Front 83

redness of the skin

Back 83

erythroderma

Front 84

lack of pigmentation

Back 84

leukoderma

Front 85

pus producing disease

Back 85

pyoderma

Front 86

abnormal thickening of the dermis
usually starts with hands and feet

Back 86

scleroderma

Front 87

dry skin of a chronic nature

Back 87

xeroderma

Front 88

continuous

Back 88

chronic

Front 89

tumor of a gland

Back 89

adenoma

Front 90

malignant tumor

Back 90

carcinoma

Front 91

malignant tumor of epithelial cells

Back 91

basal cell carcinoma

Front 92

malignant tumor - skin cancer
least harmful/most common

Back 92

squamous cell carcinoma

Front 93

cancer that spreads

Back 93

metastasize

Front 94

benign tumor of blood vessels
AKA - birthmarks or nevi

Back 94

hemangioma

Front 95

tumor from melanocytes
usually malignant

Back 95

melanoma

Front 96

benign epithelial tumor

Back 96

papilloma

papill/o - nipple like

Front 97

destructions of tissue by freezing with liquid nitrogen

Back 97

cryotherapy

Front 98

intense beam of light used to remove unwanted tissue

Back 98

laser therapy

Front 99

use of x-rays and radiation to treat cancer

Back 99

radiotherapy

Front 100

scraping away of the top layer of skin using sandpaper or wire brushes

Back 100

dermabrasion

-ion process
ab- away from
ras/o scrape

Front 101

Types of cosmetic surgery

Back 101

laser surgery
facial renewal
liposuction
hair implantation
abdominoplasty
rhytidectomy
blepharoplasty

Front 102

effects of aging on skin

Back 102

skin becomes loose
wrinkles appear
loses outer toughness
thinner, more transparant

Front 103

types of burns

Back 103

first - superficial
Second - partial thickness burn
Third - full thickness burn
Fourth - epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue and muscle

Front 104

removal of burned skin

Back 104

debridement

Front 105

How many bones in the body?

Back 105

206

Front 106

Functions of the skeletal structure

Back 106

protection
support
make movement possible
produce blood cells
store and release calcium
store and release phosphorus

Front 107

Mature bone cells

Back 107

osteocytes

limited life span due to osteoclasts

Front 108

osteoblasts

Back 108

create new bone cell

Front 109

osteoclasts

Back 109

break down mature bone cells and reabsorb the remaining material

Front 110

Process of new bone formations

Back 110

ossification
or
osteogenesis

Front 111

breakdown and renewal of bone

Back 111

remodeling
keeps bones young and strong

Front 112

Axial skeleton

Back 112

Head and truck

head
vertebral column
thoracic cage
hyoid bone (in the throat)

Front 113

Appendicular skeleton

Back 113

pectoral girdle (connects arms to thoracic cage)
pelvic girdle (connects legs to axial skeleton)
Arms
Legs

Front 114

Cranial bones (6)

Back 114

part of the axial skeleton

frontal bone
parietal bones
occipital bone
temporal bones
sphenoid bone
ethmoid bone

Front 115

frontal bone

Back 115

forehead

Front 116

parietal bones

Back 116

Paired bones
Make up crown of the skull

Front 117

temporal bones

Back 117

to - either side of the cranium

Front 118

Occipital bone

Back 118

back of the head

Front 119

sphenoid bone

Back 119

in front of the temporal bones

Front 120

ethmoid bone

Back 120

inside the eye socket

Front 121

facial bones (7)

Back 121

nasal bones
zygomatic bones (Zygoma) - cheek
vomer
maxilla - upper jaw
mandible
nasal conchae or turbinates
locrimal bones

Front 122

mandible

Back 122

lower jaw
unites with the temporal bone of the skull at the temporalmandibular joint (TMJ)

Front 123

volmer

Back 123

under the septum in the nose

Front 124

TMJ

Back 124

only moveable bone of the skull

Front 125

conchae

Back 125

extend from teh lateral wall of hte nasal cavity

Front 126

vertebral column

Back 126

sone
33 bones

Front 127

vertebrae

Back 127

named by location

7 cervical
12 thoracic or dorsal
5 lumbar
sacrum - 5 fused bones
coccyx or tailbone - 4 fused bones

Front 128

spine

Back 128

Breakfast at 7, lunch at 12, dinner at 5

C1 - C7
T1 - T12 or D1 - D12
L1 - L5
S1 - S5

Front 129

discs in between vertebrae

Back 129

intervertebral discs

"Shock absorbers"

made of cartilage

Front 130

parts of intervertebral discs

Back 130

annulus fibrosus - tough, outer layer

nucleus pulposus - soft, gel-like inner portion

Front 131

slipped or
herniated discs

Back 131

some the gel material pushes the outer layer out of its normal position, causing nerves to be pinched and muscles to be painfully contracted

Front 132

Thoracic Cage

Back 132

breastbone or sternum (sternal)
12 pairs of ribs
costal cartilage
thoracic vertebrae

Front 133

pectoral girdle

Back 133

collarbones or clavicles
shoulder blades or scapulae

Front 134

Pelvic girdle

Back 134

Two - coxal (hip) bones joined anteriorly at the symphysis pubis and posteriorly at the sacrum

Protects the pelvic organs

Front 135

Coxal bones

Back 135

hip bones

each contains 3 segments that become fused

Ilium
Ischium
pubis

Front 136

acetabulum

Back 136

hip socket

Head of the femur fit into this forming the hip joint

Front 137

upper extremity

Back 137

bones of the arm and hands

Humerus
radius
ulna
carpals
metacarpals
phalanges

Front 138

arm bones

Back 138

humerus - upper arm

ulna -
radius
elbow - olecranon process

Front 139

wrist bones

Back 139

eight carpal bones arranged in two rows

Front 140

hand bones

Back 140

metacarpals

numbered I to V

Front 141

metacarpals

Back 141

I - metacarpal that extends toward the thumb
V - extends toward the little finger

Front 142

Phalanges

Back 142

small bones that make up teh fingers

connected at the interphalangeal joints or IP joints

Front 143

lower extremity

Back 143

femur- thigh
patella - knee
tibia - shin
fibula
tarsals
malleolus
metatarsals
phalanges
calcaneus - heel

Front 144

joint

Back 144

place where bones unite

can be stationary (like in the skull) or moveable

Front 145

moveable joint

Back 145

articular cartilage covers the end of the bones

Front 146

articular cartilage

Back 146

prevent friction
allows painless movement

Front 147

joint cavity

Back 147

between articular cartilages

lined with synovial membrane which
secrets synovial fluid (acts as lubricant)

Front 148

joint capsule

Back 148

encases the joint

strengthened by ligaments

Front 149

joints are....

Back 149

named for the bones that make the union

radius and writs = radiocarpal joint
ilium and femur = iliofemoral joint

Front 150

Supporting structures

Back 150

ligaments
bursae

Front 151

ligaments

Back 151

attach bone to bone

Front 152

bursae

Back 152

tiny, purse like sacs lined with synovial membrane and filled with synovial fluid

Hundreds in the body

prevent friction between structures that need to glide past each other when they move (like bone and skin)

Front 153

inflamed bursae

Back 153

bursitis

golfer's shoulder
tennis elbow

Front 154

benign tumor of the bone marrow

Back 154

myeloma

Front 155

inflammation of the bone and bone marrow

Back 155

osteomyelitis

Front 156

inflammation of the bone

Back 156

osteitis

Front 157

inflammation of bone and cartilage

Back 157

osteochondritis

Front 158

mature bone cell

Back 158

osteocyte

Front 159

benign tumor of the bone

Back 159

osteoma

Front 160

insturment used to cut bone

Back 160

osteotome

Front 161

process of cutting bone

Back 161

osteotomy

Front 162

inner lining of the shaft of a long bone

Back 162

endosteum

Front 163

structure around the shaft of a long bone

Back 163

periosteum

Front 164

craniofacial

Back 164

pertaining to the skull and face

Front 165

cranioplasty

Back 165

surgical repair of the skull

Front 166

crainotomy

Back 166

incision into the skull

Front 167

mandibular

Back 167

pretaining to the lower jaw

Front 168

temporomandibular joint

Back 168

TMJ
pertaining to the upper jaw

Front 169

inadequate cartilage formation resulting in an type of dwarfism

Back 169

achondroplasia

Front 170

cartilage cell

Back 170

chondrocyte

Front 171

benign tumor of cartilage

Back 171

chondroma

Front 172

pertaining to the ribs and cartilage

Back 172

costochondral

Front 173

pertaining to under the ribs

Back 173

subcostal

Front 174

pertaining to the ribs and sternum

Back 174

costosternal

Front 175

process of cutting the sternum

Back 175

sternotomy

Front 176

distal portion of the sternum
literally means "resembling a sword"

Back 176

xliphoid

Front 177

cervical

Back 177

pertaining to the neck

Front 178

pertaining to the tailbone

Back 178

coccygeal

Front 179

pain in the lower back
also known as lumbago

Back 179

lumbodynia

Front 180

pertaining to the joint between the sacrum and the cocyx

Back 180

sacrococcygeal joint

Front 181

inflammation of the vertebrae

Back 181

spondylitis

Front 182

any disease of the vertebrae

Back 182

spondylopathy

Front 183

pertaining to the chest and back

Back 183

thoracolumbar

Front 184

pertaining to the joint between a rib and a vertebra

Back 184

costovertebral joint

Front 185

pertaining to between the vertebrae

Back 185

intervertebral

Front 186

pertaining to the joint between the sternum and clavicle

Back 186

sternnoclavicular joint

Front 187

pertaining to below the collarbone

Back 187

infraclavicular

Front 188

pertaining to below the scapula

Back 188

subscapular

Front 189

pertaining to the arm

Back 189

brachial

Front 190

pertaining to the head and arm

Back 190

brachiocephalic

Front 191

excision of a carpal (wrist) bone

Back 191

carpectomy

Front 192

pertaining to the olecranon, a bony projection on the ulna

Back 192

olecranal

Front 193

pertaining to the joint between the phalanges

Back 193

interphalangeal (IP) joint

Front 194

pertaining to the joint between the radius and the wrist

Back 194

radiocarpal joint

Front 195

pertaining to the ulna

Back 195

ulnar

Front 196

pertaining to the hip socket

Back 196

acetabular

Front 197

surgical repair of the hip socket

Back 197

acetabuloplasty

Front 198

pertaining to the joint between the hip and sacrum

also known as the sacroiliac joint

Back 198

iliosacral joint

ili/o means hip and i;e/o means intestine...ili and hip have he same letter.

Ile and intestine have the same letter

Front 199

pertaining to the cerebellum

Back 199

cerebellar

Front 200

inflammation of the cerebellum

Back 200

cerebellitis

Front 201

pertaining to the brain and spinal cord

Back 201

cerebrospinal

Front 202

pertaining to the brain and blood vessels

Back 202

cerebrovascular

Front 203

pertaining to the cortex

Back 203

cortical

Front 204

record of the electrical activity of the brain

Back 204

electroencephalogram

Front 205

instrument used to record electrical activity of the brain

Back 205

electroencephalograph

Front 206

softening of the brain

Back 206

encephalomalacia

Front 207

accumulation of fluid in the brain

Back 207

hydrocephalus

Front 208

picture of the brain produced by using magnetic waves - NOT radiation

Back 208

MRI
magnetic resonance imaging

Front 209

inflammation of the meninges and brain

Back 209

meningoencephalitis

Front 210

splitting of the spinal cord

Back 210

myeloschisis

Front 211

inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord

Back 211

poliomyelitis

Front 212

pertaining to the muscle and nerve

Back 212

myoneural

Front 213

inflammation of the spinal cord and nerve roots

Back 213

myeloradiculitis

Front 214

insertion of a needle into the subarachnoid space below the 3rd lumbar vertebra to withdraw cerebrospinal fluid for diagnostic purposes

Back 214

spinal tap
lumbar puncture

Front 215

new opening in the ventricles
used to treat hydrocephalus

Back 215

ventriculostomy

Front 216

hernia of the spinal cord and meninges
displacement of the spinal cord and meninges from normal position

Back 216

myelomeningocele

Front 217

decreased sensation

Back 217

hypoesthesia