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146 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Number of bones in the body
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206
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Bone Function
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Determine height, width and basic shape of the body
Make movement possible Act as levers Provide protection and support for organs Produce blood cells Regulate essential minerals |
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Minerals regulated by bones
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Calcium
Phosphorus Release when needed into the bloodstream |
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Skull protects...
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the brain
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Ribs protect...
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the heart and lungs
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Blood cells
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produced by red bone marrow
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Mature bone cells...
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Osteocytes
Limitedlife span Broken down by Osteoclasts |
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New bone cells...
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Osteoblasts or
Osteogenesis |
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Remodeling
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constant breakdown and renewal of bone tissue
Insures that bones remain strong |
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True or False
Bones change shape in response to stresses on them |
True
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Bone formation
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ossification
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Axial skeleton
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Head
Vertebral column Thoracic cage Hyoid bone |
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Skull
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Frontal
Temporal Zygoma Maxilla Nasal bone Temporomandibular joint Parietal Occipital Mandible Part of the Axial Skeleton |
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Thorax
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Sternum
Ribs |
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Collar bone
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Clavicle
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Shoulder Blade
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Scapula
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Upper arm bone
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Humerus
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Forearm bones
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Radius (thumb side)
Ulna (pinkie side) |
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Spinal column
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Vertebral column
Part of the Axial skeleton |
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Wrist and Hands
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Carpals
Metacarpals Phalanges |
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Hip
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Ilium
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Tailbone
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Sacrum
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Upper thigh bone
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Femur
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Lower leg bones
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Tibia (inner) thicker bone
Fibula (outer) |
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Knee bone
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Patella
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Ankle and foot
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medial malleolus
lateral malleolus Tarsals Metatarsals Calcaneus (heel bone) Phalanges |
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elbow joint
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Olecranon process
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Appendicular skeleton
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pectoral girdle - connects arms to thoracic cage
pelvic girdle - connects legs to axial skeleton Arms and legs (themselves) |
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Axial skeleton
Cranial Bones |
Frontal bone - forehead
Parietal bones (pair that make up the crown) Temporal bones - one on either side of the cranium Occipital bone - back of the head Sphenoid bone Ethmoid bone |
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Axial Skeleton
Facial bones |
Nasal bones
Zygomatic bones Vomer Maxilla Mandible - lower Jaw bone Nasal Conchae (or turbinates) Lacrimal Bones - |
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Mandible unites with the temporal bone of the skull
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at the Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
Only movable bone of the skull |
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Vertebral Column
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33 bones - vertebral
Named by location Made up of invertebral discs |
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Sequence down the vertebral column
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Cervical - 7
Thoracic (or Dorsal) - 12 Lumbar - 5 Sacrum - 5 fused bones Cocyx or tailbone- 4 fused bones Referred to by letter C 1 - 7 T 1 - 12 L 1 - 5 S 1-5 |
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Between the vertebrae
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intervertebral discs
Shock absorbers Made of cartilage 2 layers |
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Intervertebral discs
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Annulus fibrosus - tough, outer layer
Nucleus pulposus - soft, gel-like inner portion |
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Slipped or herniated disc
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common and painful
gel material pushes the outer layer out of its normal position. Nerves are then pinched. Creates a back spasm. |
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33 Vertebrae
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Number of vertebrae in each group -
Breakfast at 7am Lunch at 12 noon Dinner at 5 pm |
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Thoracic Cage
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Breastbone - Sternum
Ribs - 12 pair Costal cartilage Thoracic vertebrae |
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12 ribs
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Posteriorly, they attach to the 12 thoracic vertebrae
Anteriorly, the top 10 ribs connect to the costal cartilage then to the sternum. the other 2 are floating ribs (in front) |
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Appendicular Skeleton
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Pectoral girdle
Collar bones OR Clavicles PLUS Shoulder blades or Scapulae |
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Pelvic Girdle
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Protects pelvic organs
2 hip or coxal bones |
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Hip bones
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three segments that become fused
ilium ischium pubis |
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Hip socket
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Acetabulum
allows the head of the femur to fit into it forming the hip joint |
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Right & left hip joints
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form a circle anteriorly at the
symphysis pubis and Posteriorly with the sacrum to for the Sacroiliac joint. |
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Female sacroiliac
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Stretches slightly to allow for birth of a baby.
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Upper Extremity
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Hand and arm bones
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Prepare to name anterior skeleton parts
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Prepare to identify the posterior skeleton parts
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Prepare to list hand bones
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Lower Extremity
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Bones of the left leg and foot.
Bones include Thighbone - Femur, The knee - patella, The shin or tibia and the fibula which is the lateral bone of the lower leg. A protrusion (bump) on the distal tibia is called the lateral malleolus. The projection of the distal fibula is called a laterla malleolus. |
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Name the bones of the Shoulder and Arm
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Name the bones of the fooot
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Name the bones in the leg an knee joint
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Name the bones of the Pelvis
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Describe the Rib Cage
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First 7 - True ribs
Next 3 - False ribs Final 2 - Floating ribs |
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Skull - Anterior view
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Skull - Lateral view
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Spine - side and back view
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Slipped disc is a
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herniated disc
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Forehead
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Frontal bone
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Temples
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Temporal bones
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Cheek
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Zygoma
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Upper jaw
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Maxilla
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Lower Jaw
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Mandible
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Breastbone
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Sternum
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Hip
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iliac
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Olecranon
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Elbow
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Wrist
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Carpals
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Heel
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Calcaneus
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Supporting Structures
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Ligaments
Bursae |
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Ligaments
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attach bone to bone
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Bursae
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Tiny, purselike sacs
Lined with synovial membrane Filled with synovial fluid Prevents friction between 2 structures that need to glide past each other when moving - like bone and skin. |
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Bursitis
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Inflammation of the Bursae
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Joint
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Union between 2 bones - 5 parts
Articular cartilage Joint cavity Synovial membrane Synovial fluid Joint Capsule Named after the bones they join |
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Supporting Structures
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Ligaments
Bursae |
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Ligaments
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attach bone to bone
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Bursae
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Tiny, purselike sacs
Lined with synovial membrane Filled with synovial fluid Prevents friction between 2 structures that need to glide past each other when moving - like bone and skin. |
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Bursitis
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Inflammation of the Bursae
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Joint
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Union between 2 bones - 5 parts
Articular cartilage Joint cavity Synovial membrane Synovial fluid Joint Capsule Named after the bones they join |
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Synovial Joint
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Supporting Structures
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Ligaments
Bursae |
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Ligaments
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attach bone to bone
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Bursae
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Tiny, purselike sacs
Lined with synovial membrane Filled with synovial fluid Prevents friction between 2 structures that need to glide past each other when moving - like bone and skin. |
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Bursitis
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Inflammation of the Bursae
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Joint
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Union between 2 bones - 5 parts
Articular cartilage Joint cavity Synovial membrane Synovial fluid Joint Capsule Named after the bones they join |
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Synovial Joint
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Supporting Structures
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Ligaments
Bursae |
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Ligaments
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attach bone to bone
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Bursae
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Tiny, purselike sacs
Lined with synovial membrane Filled with synovial fluid Prevents friction between 2 structures that need to glide past each other when moving - like bone and skin. |
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Bursitis
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Inflammation of the Bursae
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Joint
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Union between 2 bones - 5 parts
Articular cartilage Joint cavity Synovial membrane Synovial fluid Joint Capsule Named after the bones they join |
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Synovial Joint
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Synovial Joint
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kyph/o
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humpback
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lord/o
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swayback
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ped/o
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chile
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scoli/o
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curved
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tempor/o
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temporal bone
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-porosis
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porous
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Myel/o
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bone marrow; spinal cord
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osse/o; oste/o
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bone
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mandibul/o
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mandible; lower jaw
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maxillo/o
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upper jaw; maxilla
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Stern/o
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sternum; breastbone
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xiph/o
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sword
Distal portion of the sternum; literally means "resembling a sword" |
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cervic/o
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neck
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coccyg/o
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coccyx; tailbone
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lumb/o
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lower back; loins
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lumbosacral joint
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pertaining to the joint between L5 and the sacrum
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scar/o
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sacrum
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sacrococcygeal joint
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pertaining to the joint between the sacrum and the coccyx
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Difference between
Spondyl/o and vertebr/o |
Spondyl/o - used referring to condition of the vertebrae
vertebr/o - used in words to describe structure |
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clavicul/o
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clavicle; colarbone
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brachi/o
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arm
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carp/o
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wrist
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olecran/o
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elbow; olecranon
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phalang/o
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phalanx;
one of the bones making up the fingers and toes |
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radi/o
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radius
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uln/o
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ulnar
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acetabul/o
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acetabulum; hip socket
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ili/o
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hip
ili and hip both have an "I" in them |
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pelv/i
pelv/o |
pelvis
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calcane/o
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heel
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femor/o
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femur
Thigh bone |
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fibul/o
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fibula
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patell/a
patell/o |
patella
kneecapo |
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tibi/o
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tibia
shin |
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arthr/o
articul/o |
joint
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Osteoarthritis
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OA
degeneration of the articular cartilage due to overuse results in painful movement of the joint |
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Rheumatoid arthritis
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RA
Autoimmune disease where the immune system fails to recognize its own tissue and attacks. Results in degeneration of the joint. |
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-blast
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immature
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-clasis
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surgical fracture or refracture
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-clast
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breakdown
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-physis
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to grow
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-sarcoma
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malignant tumor of connective tissue
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ortho-
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straight
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Bone Cancer
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Pain and swelling are symptoms, but fractures usually lead to diagnosis
Primary bone tumors - originates from bone tissue Osteosarcoma - most common bone cancer Ewing's tumor - occurs in children Chondroscaroma |
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Treatment for Bone Cancer
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Excision of the tumor
Amputation Chemotherapy Radiotherapy |
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Most common bone cancers
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Metastatic or secondary tumors
Result from spreading cancer to bone from other locations such as breast and lungs |
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Fractures
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Break or crack in a bone
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Open fracture
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broken bone with a open cut in the skin
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Closed fracture
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Broken bone with NO open cut in skin
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Pathological fracture
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Bone break due to being weak from disease
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Names for fractures
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Comminuted - splinter bone
green stick - partially broken on one side and bent on the other side Colles' fracture - of the distal radius bone near the wrist Intra-articular fracture - on the joint surfaces of the bone |
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Treatment for broken bones
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Reduction - placing bones back together
Immobilization - placing a cast of the break to prevent movement |
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Types of reduction
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Open - bone repair under direct visualization
Closed reduction - no direct visual contact required Open reduction internal fixation - uses screws, nails, or pins - severe fractures |
