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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Homeostasis
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Maintaining an internal balance
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Endocrine system
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Maintains homeostasis
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Endocrine glands
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Secrete hormones
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Hormones
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Essential chemicals for proper functioning of body processes
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Feedback mechanism
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The body sends a signal for a certain hormone. Shen the need is completed, the signal stops and the hormone secretion stops.
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Glands in the Endocrine System
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Hypothalamus
Pituitary Thyroid Parathyroids Adrenals Pineal Pancreas Secrete hormones for delivery to a target organ through the bloodstream No ducts (except Pancreas) |
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Exocrine glands
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Sweat Glands
Has ducts Secrete chemicals into ducts, which deliver the secretion to the target site. |
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Categories of Endocrine glands
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Central
Peripheral |
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Central glands
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Two adjacent glands in the brain
Hypothalamus Pituitary Coordinate to regulate body functions such as water and sale balance Growth Reproduction Metabolism |
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Peripheral Glands
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Thyroid
Parathyroids Adrenals Pineal Pancreas All produce hormones Pancreas also has important digestive functions |
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Endocrine glands - overview
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Pancreas
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Testis
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Ovary
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Adrenal Gland
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Parathyroid
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Pituitary and Pineal
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Hypothalamus
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Central Endocrine gland
Works in tandem with pituitary Produces and secretes neurohormones Produces tropic hormones which effects pituitary activity Produces antidiuretic hormone and Oxytocin |
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-tropic
-tropin |
Substances that stimulate other organs to secrete hormones
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Pituitary Gland
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Hangs from the Hypothalamus by the infundibulum
Pea sized Divided into Anterior and Posterior lobes |
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Hormones secreted by the Anterior Pituitary
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Secrets 7 hormones
5 are tropic (stimulating) 2 induce other glands to release hormones Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) Growth Hormone (GH) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Folicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Luteinizing hormone (LH) Prolactin (PRL) Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) |
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PRL
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Prolactin
Stimulates breast milk production |
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MSH
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Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
Stimulates melanocyte production in skin |
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ACTH
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Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Stimulates adrenal cortex to produce/secrete Cortisol, Aldosterone and sex hormones |
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GH
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Growth hormone - somatotropin
Stimulates growth in all body cells Controls the release of the hormone somatomedin from the liver |
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TSH
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Thyroid stimulating hormone
stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and secrete its own hormones Thyroxine (T₄) Triiodothyronine (T₃) |
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FSH
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Follicle stimulating hormone - a gonadotrophin
Stimulates growth of gonads (ovaries and testes) Males - promotes sperm formation Females - monthly development of the ovum (egg) and secretion of estrogen and progesterone |
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LH
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Luteinizing hormone - a gonadotrophin
females - triggers ovulation Males - regulates testosterone secretion and is called interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH) |
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Posterior Pituitary
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Stores and secrets 2 neurohormones produced by the hypothalamus
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - AKA Vasopressin Oxytocin (OT) |
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ADH
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Antidiuretic hormone
Prevents excessive loss of water |
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OT
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Oxytocin
Stimulates uterine contractions to assist childbirth Regulates the flow of milk from mammary glands |
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Thyroid Gland
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Below the Larynx
2 lobes - Right and Left connected by the Isthmus Produces, stores and secretes 2 hormones T₃ - triiodothyronine T₄ - thyroxine Regulate metabolic rate and increase production of energy from food Also produces Calcitonin - which regulates blood calcium levels |
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Parathyroid Glands
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Four of them - located on the thyroid (2 each side)
Egg shaped glands Secrete parathormone (PTH) Contributes to the regulation of calcium and phosphorus |
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Adrenal Glands
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Sit on top of each Kidney
Functionally/Structurally, there are 2 parts Adrenal Cortex Adrenal Medulla |
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Adrenal Cortex
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Secretes 3 hormones
Mineralocorticoids Glucocorticoids Sex Hormones |
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Adrenal Medulla
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Produces
Adrenaline or Epinephrine Noradrenaline or Norepinephrine These are "Fight or Flight" hormones |
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Mineralocorticoids
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Adrenal Cortex
Most important secretion - Aldosterone Central role in regulation of sodium and potassium levels |
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Glucocorticoids
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Adrenal Cortex
Most Important secretion - Cortisol Necessary for antibody production Key role in response to stress Necessary for utilization of carbohydrates, fats and proteins |
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Sex Hormones
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Adrenal Complex
Includes estrogen and androgens Secondary to secretions by the ovaries and testes Role in development of secondary sex characteristics - pubic and facial hair and breast development |
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Pineal Gland
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Located deep within the brain
Role in waking and sleeping cycle Secretes melatonin Receives stimulation from the eye Melatonin is also connected to mood |
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Pancreas
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Located behind the stomach
Secretes pancreatic juice (exocrine function) Secretes Insulin and Glucagon (endocrine functions) |
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Insulin
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Secreted by the Pancreas
Lowers blood sugar by stimulating sugar absorbtion by the body cells Converts Glucose into Glycogen - how sugar is stored in the liver |
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Glucagon
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Increases blood sugar by converting glycogen back to glucose for use by the body when blood sugar is low
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immun/o
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safe
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radi/o
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radioactive
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-genesis
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production
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-gen
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producing
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eu-
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Normal
Good |
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acr/o
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Extremity
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