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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Reactant
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Element or compound that enters into a chemical reaction.
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Product
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Element or compound produced by a chemical reaction.
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Catalyst
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Substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction.
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Enzyme
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A special protein that acts as a biological catalyst.
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Eukaryote
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Organsim whose cell contains a nucleus.
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Prokaryote
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Organsim whose cells do not contain a nucleus.
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Nucleus
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Structure that contains DNA and controls the cell's activities.
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Cytoplasm
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Material inside the cell membrane (excluding the nucleus).
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Ribosome
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Structure in the cell on which proteins are made.
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
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An internal membrane system in cells that acts as a pathway, produces lipids, and contains ribosomes.
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Golgi apparatus
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Cell structure that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins.
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Lysosome
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Cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down materials in a cell.
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Vacuole
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Cell organelle that stores water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.
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Mitochondria
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Cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are easier for the cell to use.
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Chloroplast
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Organelle found in plant cells that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy.
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Cell Membrane
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Thin, flexible barrier around a cell that regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
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Cell Wall
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Strong supporting layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria.
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Diffusion
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Process by which molecules tend to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
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Osmosis
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Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
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Active Transport
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Energy-requiring porcess that moves material across a membrane.
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ATP
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One of the principal chemical compounds that living things use to store and release energy.
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Photosynthesis
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Process by which plants use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches
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Cellular Respiration
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Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen.
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Mitosis
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The part of cell division during which the nucleus divides
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Cell Cycle
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Series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide.
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