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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hammurabi
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Ruler of the Babylonian empire; responsible for codification of law [Code of Hammurabi: system of strict justice]
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Buddha
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"the Enlightened." The Prince Siddhartha Gautama. tried and rejected first the life of luxury and then a life of poverty and achieved enlightenment and began to teach.
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Confucius
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Chinese philosopher whose teachings are called Confucianism duty and humanity; relationships
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Laozi
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"old master" created Daoism Don't interfere with nature, "go with the flow"
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Socrates
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Sculptor who liked philosophy. Socratic method: Question and answer format to get students to understand things themselves.
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Plato
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Questioned reality. Constructed ideal state in which people were divided into 3 basic groups. Kings, warriors, the rest.
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Aristotle
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Analyzed things based on observation. Wanted effective form of government no directing human affairs.
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Julius Ceaser
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Roman military and political leader. He was instrumental in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire.
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Constantine
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Emperor of Rome who stopped the persecution of Christians and in 324 made Christianity the official religion of the empire; in 330 he moved his capital from Rome to Byzantium and renamed it Constantinople
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Jesus
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teacher and prophet born in Bethlehem and active in Nazareth; his life and sermons form the basis for Christianity
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Mansa Musa
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Emperor of the kingdom of Mali in Africa. He made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca and established trade routes to the Middle East
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Charlemagne
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powerful ruler of the Frankish peoples revival of the Western Empire was the foundation of the Holy Roman Empire. Expanded Frankish kingdom
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Justinian
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Byzantine emperor who held the eastern frontier of his empire against the Persians; codified Roman law in 529
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Machiavelli
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analyzed how the prince could preserve and expand the state's power. Machiavelli ignored both classical theory--state should be based on moral norms apprehended by reason--and medieval theory--earthly realm should be like the standards revealed by God
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Martin Luther
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Led the protestant reformation
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Ferdinand Magellan
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First to circumnavigate the world.
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Aztecs
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Native Americans who occupied the region around Mexico City at the time of the Spanish Conquest.
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Incas
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empire located in South America used conquest and peaceful assimilation to incorporate in their empire a large portion of western South America
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Peter the Great
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Russian absolute monarch czar. Westernized Russia. Drafted soldiers. Expanded Russia gaining St. Petersburg.
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John Locke
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Argued against rule of one person. Said society was organized. Humans had natural rights.
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Thomas Hobbes
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Claimed society was unorganized, human life poor nasty and brutish. People had to make social contract agreeing to form a state.
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Adam Smith
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Believed state should not interfere withe economy. Government has 3 roles: Protect society, project from injustice, maintain public works.
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Galileo Galilee
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Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars; demonstrated that different weights descend at the same rate; perfected the refracting telescope that enabled him to make many discoveries
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Montesquieu
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French political theorist who analyzed different government constitutions and developed the theory upon which the separation of powers is based.
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Jean Jacques Rousseau
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Presented social contract. Entire societies agreed to be governed by general will.
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Louis XVI
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king of France from 1774 to 1792; his failure to grant reforms led to the French Revolution; he and his queen were guillotined
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Napoleon Bonaparte
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General of French Revolution, French president made peace with catholic church, created civil code, developed bureaucracy
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Count Camillo di Cavour
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Prime minister of Italy. pursued policy of economic expansion that increased government revenues. alliance with French emperor. helped unify Italy.
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Giuseppe Garibaldi
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Italian patriot raised army, took over territories in Italy, gave lands to king and unified.
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Count Otto von Bismarck
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Prime minister of Prussia. helped raise army. helped collect land for Germany. helped unify Germany.
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Woodrow Wilson
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led the United States in World War I and secured the formation of the League of Nations
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Vladimir Lenin
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Russian founder of the Bolsheviks and leader of the Russian Revolution and first head of the USSR
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Archduke Francis Ferdinand
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heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne. His assassination by Gavrilo Princip in, Austria, precipitated the Austrian declaration of war against Serbia which triggered World War I.
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Neveille Chaberlain
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British politician and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom had policy of appeasement towards Nazi Germany.
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Juan Peron; Gamal Nasser; Yasir Arafat
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Juan:President of Argentina, increased industrialization.
Gamal:Controlled Egyptian Government. Seizes Suez canal Yasir:launched attacks on isreal |
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theocracy
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government by divine right
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nirvana
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Buddhism; ultimate reality, meeting with Great World Soul
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dharma
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Hinduism; requires people to do their duty
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caste system
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Social Classes
Brahmans Kshatriyas Vaisyas Sudras Untouchables |
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covenant
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signed written agreement between two or more parties (nations) to perform some action
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4 noble truths
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Ordinary life has suffering
suffering caused by desires suffering ends by ending desires end desires with middle path |
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Confucianism
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system of political and ethical ideas intended to help restore order to society in confusion
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Daoism
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teaches will of Heaven followed by inaction
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disciples
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one who is both follower and student
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filial piety
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duty of family to subordinate needs to male head of family
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Islam
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religious faith of Muslims
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Allah
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Muslim name for God used in the Holy Qur'an
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hajj
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Annual Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca.
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Ramadan
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month of fasting
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Theology
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study of religion and its influences and of the nature of religious truth
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Inquisition
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office of the Roman Catholic Church charged with suppressing heresy.
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Eastern Orthodox Church
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One of the three main branches of Christianity
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heresy
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a belief that rejects the orthodox tenets of a religion
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indulgence
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remission of the temporal punishment due to God for sin
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salvation
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the act of delivering from sin or saving from evil
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Puritans
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members of a group of radical Protestants which developed in England after the Reformation.
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Deism
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belief that God exists but is not involved in the world. It maintains that God created all things and set the universe in motion and is no longer involved in its operation
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Causes of French Revolution
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Political and Social Inequalities
Bankruptcy of the Government Influence of the Enlightenment and the American Revolution Outbreak of revolution 1789 |
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tension prior to WWI
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-Imperalism
-nationalism -alliance system |
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Central Powers were
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Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria
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Axis Powers were
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Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy and the Empire of Japan
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