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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Enzyme
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Biological catalysts (usually proteins) which increase the reaction rate of a reaction in both the forward and reverse directions.
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6 Classes of Enzymes
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1. Oxidoreductase
2. Transferase 3. Hydrolase 4. Lyase 5. Isomerase 6. Ligase |
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Oxidoreductase
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oxidation-reduction reactions
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Transferase
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transfer of functional groups
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Hydrolase
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cleavage of compound with introduction of water
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Lyase
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elimination and double bond formation
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Isomerase
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isomerization reactions
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Ligase
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bond formation with use of ATP
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Where does catalysis occur?
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active site
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How do enzymes increase the rate of a reaction?
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By decreasing the amount of activation energy needed.
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Active site
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place where the substrate binds to the enzyme and is converted to a product
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Apoenzyme
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A protein that combines with a coenzyme to form an active enzyme.
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What do cofactors/coenzymes
provide? |
Additional functional groups for catalysis
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holoenzyme
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apoenzyme + cofactor / coenzyme
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kinetics
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study of rate of a reaction
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Do enzymes favor one direction over another?
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No
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Enzyme inhibitors
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Inhibitors decrease the activity of an enzyme by decreasing its Vmax or by increasing Km
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Competitive
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Interferes with substrate binding by binding to substrate's binding site on enzyme.
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In the presence of a lot of substrate, would you expect product when there is a competitive enzyme? noncompetitive enzyme?
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Yes
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Non-competitive
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Does not look like substrate and binds a separate site, different from the active site.
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Same 1/Vmax
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Competitive
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Same 1/Km
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Non-competitive
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