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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Oxidoreductase
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Catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions
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Transferases
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Catalyze transfer of C, N, or P containing groups
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Hyrdrolases
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Catalyze cleavage of bonds by addition of water
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Lyases
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Catalyze cleavage of C-C, C-S, and certain C-N bonds
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Isomerases
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Catalyze reacemization of optical or geometric isomers
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Ligases
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Catalyze formation of bonds between carbon and O, S, N coupled to hydrolysis of high energy phosphates.
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Troponin I
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released into the blood 4 hrs after onset of MI, peaks at 16 hrs and remains elevated for 5-9 days post MI
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LDH isozymes
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oLDH-1: fastest and in heart
oLDH-2: faster and in RBC oLDH-3: Fast and in Brain oLDH-4: slow and in liver oLDH-5: slowest and in skeletal muscle |
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Effect of Inhibitors on enzyme
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•Competitive inhibitor (fighting for same active site) same V max
oMore substrate can make like uninhibited oIncrease apparent Km •Noncompetitive inhibitor (can no longer react with substrate): same Km but different Vmax because there is less functional enzyme oNot overcome by increase in S oVmax decreases |
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Methods of Enzyme Regulation
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•Feedback inhibition
•Zymogens oInactive forms of an enzyme oCell activates them on demand using another enzyme oPortion of the protein is removed. oEx. Is insulin •Inhibitors •Allosteric |
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Hexokinase
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oLow Km for glucose
oHigh affinity oLow substrate specificity oPhosphorylate glucose even at low glucose oLow Vmax. Does not phosphorylate at high rate more than cell can use |
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Glucokinase
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oHigh Km
oFunctions at high glucose oCan remove large amounts of glucose quickly due to high Vmax oLow affinity for glucose. |
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Immobilized Enzymes used in glycolysis
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•Enzymes fixed on cellulose strips
•ELISA •Immobilized urease, hexokinase and amylase •To evaluate hepatocyte injury, or necrosis in viral hepatitis, drug induced hepatotoxicity, chleithiasis, HELLP, AFLP oAspartate aminotransferase oAlanine aminotransferase •Cholestasis and biliary obstruction oAlkaline phosphatase oGamma glutamyl transpeptidase |
