Enwk1- 1-9 Biochem Of Endo

Front 1

difference between endo, para, and autocrine hormones?

Back 1

1. endo- horomone secreted in blood and taken up by target cells
2. para- secretory cells secretes hormone into interstitial fluid and taken up by target cell
3. auto- target cells are on same cells

Front 2

What are the classic hormones and non classic hormones of endocrine system?

Back 2

classic-
– Polypeptide hormones (i.e., insulin)
– Catecholamines (i.e., epinephrine)
– Steroid hormones (i.e., derived from cholesterol)
– Thyroid hormones (i.e., derived from tyrosine)
Non classic- retinoids from vit. A
vit D from cholesterol

Front 3

What are the counterregulatory to insulin hormons

Back 3

– Somatostatin
– Growth Hormone
– Catecholamines
– Glucocorticoids
– Thyroid Hormone
GI-derived hormones (GLP-1)

Front 4

During fasting stages what is released and what processes increase in occurrence?

Back 4

glucagon released
Increased
-Glycogenolysis
- gluconeogenesis
- lypolysis
Decreased- liver glycolysis

Front 5

During fed stages what is released and what processes increase in occurrence?

Back 5

insulin released
Increaesed
1. glycogen synthesis
2. FA synthesis
3. Trigliceryide synthesis
4. Liver glycolysis

Front 6

signals that regulate metabolic homeostasis what are major stress hormones

Back 6

major stress hormones are epinephrine and cortisol

Front 7

Function of cortisol?
What type of hormone?

If you crank this cortisol out a lot what happens?

Back 7

provides for changing requirements over long term (increases glucose in blood)
- fat like hormone

- could lead to depression

Front 8

Major metabolic pathways affected with cortisol

Back 8

1. stimulates amino acid mobilization from muscle protein (proteolysis)
2. stimulates gluconeogensis and glycogen synthesis in liver
3. stimulates fatty acid release from adipose tissue (lypolysis), and inhibits glucose utilization in adipose tissue (insulin counterregulation)

Front 9

How is cortisol regulated?

Back 9

CRH (hypothalamus) stimulates ACTH release (pituitary), causing cortisol production in adrenal zona fasciculata.
Too much cortisol decreases CRH, and therefore decreases ACTH and eventually cortisol secretion

Front 10

Metabolic effects of epinephrine in
1. muscle
2. liver
3. adipose
4. overall glucagon secretion
5. insulin secretion

Back 10

1. stimulates glycogenolysis in muscle
2. stimulates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in liver
3. stimulates lipolysis in adipose tissue
4. increases glucagon secretion
5. decreases insulin secretion

Front 11

Basic metabolic effects of
a. somatostatin
b. growth hormone (in muscle, liver, and adipose)

Back 11

a. decrease insulin and glucagon release (known as the inhibitory hormone)
b. increases protein synthesis, stimulates gluconeogenesis and glycogen synthesis in liver, in adipose stimulates lipolysis and inhibits glucose utlization

Front 12

Basic function of insulin

What organs dont need insulin for glucose uptake? Which GLUT transporter is insulin responsive?

Back 12

promotes fuel storage after a meal
- promotes growth
- BRICK-L (Brain, RBCs, Intestine, Cornea, Kidney, Liver)
GLUT-4 for adipose and skeletal muscle

Front 13

What are the 6 main anabolic effects of insulin?

Back 13

1. increase glucose transport in skeletal muscles and adipose tissue
2. increase gylcogen storage and synthesis
3. increases triglyceride synthesis and storage
4. increases sodium retention in Kidneys
5. increases protein synthesis (muscles)
6. Increases cellular uptake of K and amino acids