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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Speciation
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The process by which new species are generated.
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Extinction
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The disappearance of an entire species from the face of the Earth.
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Mass extinction
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The dying off of many species at once due to a catastrophic event.
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Community
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A group of populations of organisms that live in the same place at the same time.
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Ecosystem
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All organisms and nonliving entities that occurand interact in a particular area at the same time.
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Habitat
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The specific environment in which an organism lives, including both biotic and abiotic factors.
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Niche
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-the functional role of a species in a community
-2 types: fundamental niche and realized niche |
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Population
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All individuals of the same species that are occupying a specified area during a specific time.
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Population size
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The number of individual organisms present at a given time.
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Population distribution/dispersion
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The spatial arrangement of organisms within a particular area; 3 arrangements: random, uniform, and clumped.
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Sex ratio
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The proportion of males to females in a population.
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Exponential growth
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A population growth pattern; the increase of a population (or of anything) by a fixed percentage each year.
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Carrying capacity
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The maximum population size that a given environment can sustain under the worst/most severe conditions.
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Logistic growth
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A population growth pattern; a low-density population slowly increase in size, enters a phase of rapid growth, then levels off in size one the carrying capcity has been reached.
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Age distribution/Age structure
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relative numbers of organisms of each age within a population. Age distributions can have a strong effect on rates of population growth or decline and area often expressed as a ratio of age classes
-pre reproductive, reproductive, post reproductive |
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Population Characteristics
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-Size
-Distribution/Arrangement -Age Structure/Distribution |
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3 main forms of Natural Selection
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-Stabalizing
-Directional -Disruptive |
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Evolution Summary
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-Genes mutate/change
Individuals are selected - those w. favorable traits pass those on to their offspring -Populations evolve (Indivulduals DO NOT) |
