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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Five ecosystem services provided by trees |
- create oxygen and remove air pollutants - save energy by reducing need for air conditioning and heating - sequestration (captures carbon for long term storage) - slows stormwater runoff and improves water quality - provides habitat for wildlife |
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4 things species need to survive |
Food, cover, water, space |
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What is a riparian habitat? |
Habitats within a stream corridor or valley, particularly the trees and shrubs on the stream bank |
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What are the benefits of riparian vegetation |
-Stabilizes stream banks -filters pollutants -provides shade to aid in temperature regulation |
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What do riparian areas provide |
-natural linkages between different habitat features that create critically important migration important to fish and wildlife |
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Mutualism |
2 organisms of different species exist in a relationship in which each individual benefits from the activities of the other |
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Parasitism |
One organism gains while the other suffers Parasite (gain) attack the host (suffered) |
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Commenalism |
One species benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed Benefits include food, shelter, transportations or seed dispersal |
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What happens when there is no predators |
Population of prey rises drastically in short time, so vegetation is depleted and starvation and disease is common |
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What happens when predators and prey are present |
Prey population will not explode |
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Factors causing shift between predator-prey population |
1) prey population is young and strong therefore harder to catch 2) disease 3) if predators or prey are an introduced species, population may be a result of incest therefore defective genes are present |
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What is an indicator species |
An organism who's presence, absence and/or abundance reflects specific environmental conditions |
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Name three types of indicator species |
1) insects 2) Frogs 3) lichens |
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What are frogs used to detect? |
Changes in water quality and overall environmental health |
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What do pollinators indicate? |
The health of plant populations |
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What can lichens indicate |
Air quality; susceptible to different pollutants |
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Name the four North American flyaways |
Pacific, central, Mississippi, Atlantic |
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What is a flyaway |
North and south bird migration routes |
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Hibernacula |
The living space where animals hibernate |
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Expected impacts of CO2 enrichment |
Increased photosynthesis Faster plant growth Increased occurence and intensity of fires Ocean acidification |
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Changes due to terrestrial eutrophication |
Increased weed growth Reduced biodiversity due to lack of ability to compete with weeds |
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Threats to wildlife |
Habitat loss Pollution Invasive Species Unsustainable Use Climate Change |
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Bioaccumulation |
Build up of persistant contaminants in an organism from poisons in water, sediment and/or food sources Concentration of substance builds up in tissue and is absorbed faster than it is removed or metabolized |
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Biomagnification |
Increase in concentration of a substance as it moves up a food chain Occurs because pollutant is persistant (cannot be, or is very slowly, broken down by natural processes) |
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What does unsustainable use lead to |
Reduced genetic variability |
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How will climate change affect biodiversity |
Severe or changes insect and disease breakout patterns Plant species will change their distribution leading to new types of forest Animal species distributions will change Increase in frequency of extreme events |
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What are the impacts of climate change |
Alters migration timing and routes Changes breeding seasons Alters food availability Less ice cover, earlier snow melt Changes in air and water temperatures Migration to a more favourable habitat Hybridization
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7 |
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Extinct |
Wildlife species no longer exists |
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Extirpated |
Wildlife species no longer exists in the wild in Canada or a specific geographic range, but occurs elsewhere |
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Endangered |
Wildlife species facing imminent extirpation or extinction |
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Threatened |
Wildlife species likely to become endangered if limiting factors are not reversed |
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Special concern |
Wildlife species may become threatened or endangered because of a combination of biological characteristics and identified threats |
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Causes for species at risk in Canada |
Spread of disease Invasive species infringement on natural habitats Overexploitation if exhausted species for food, clothing and trophies |
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Chrytid fungus |
Targets amphibians and grows on their skin Interferes with amphibian's ability to breathe and take up water through their skin |
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Chronic wasting disease |
Infects deer and elk Believed to be caused by prions, modified proteins Leads to weight loss and behaviour changes which causes malnutrition and death |
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Whirling disease |
Parasite that infects salmon and white fish Damages nerves and cartilage |
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Sylvatic plague |
Transmitted by fleas that affects rodents |
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White nose syndrome |
Fungus affects hibernating bats by infecting the skin of their muzzles, ears and wings |
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Round worm brain parasite |
Intestinal round worm found in raccoons |
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Avian botulism |
Disease that causes immobilization in birds |
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Rabies |
Infectious and contagious disease of the central nervous system Virus is concentrated in saliva, mucous membranes and central nervous tissue |
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What does the eastern cotton tail rabbit eat |
Grasses Woody bush or bark |
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What does the eastern grey squirrel eat |
Tree seeds |
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What does the Red squirrel eat |
Seeds from cones |
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What does the Eastern chipmunk eat |
Berries, nuts, seeds, mushrooms Snails, slugs, insects, carrion |
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What do beavers eat |
Bark and cambium |
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What do porcupines eat |
Leaves, buds, twigs, bark |
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What do woodchucks eat |
Grass, leaves, seeds, berries, carrion |
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What does the striped skunk eat |
Insects |
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What do raccoons eat |
Fruits, nuts, berries, insects, clams, frogs, fish, young birds, and small rodents Corn |
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What do white tailed deers eat |
Leaves, twigs, shrubs, forbs, grasses, mushrooms |
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What does the red fox eat |
Small rodents, mammals, and birds Invertebrates, eggs, fruits, and berries |
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What does the Great blue heron eat |
Small fish, amphibians, small mammals, reptiles, and invertabrates |
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What does the Canada goose eat |
Aquatic vegetation, grass and roots |
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What does the osprey eat |
Fish |
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What do owls and hawks eat |
Small mammals, birds, snakes, amphibians |
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What do blue jays eat |
Nuts, berries, eggs, nestlings, birdseed |
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What do chickadees eat |
Insects, spiders, conifer seeds and bird seeds |
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What do cardinals eat |
Seeds, insects, berries |
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