Environmental Science Exam 1

Front 1

Environmental science is a

Back 1

Systematic approach learning about the environment

Front 2

Most environmental problems result from

Back 2

Complex, interrelated problems.

Front 3

In explaining your choice of an environmental science major in college to your roommate, you would probably emphasize the fact that environmental science is a(n)

Back 3

applied interdisciplinary field concerning the environment with an emphasis on solving problems.

Front 4

A group of concerned citizens are collecting water samples from a local river to detect the level of nitrogen in the water. They plan to take samples every day for a month and then will divide the sum by the number of days they sampled. What is the group trying to do?

Back 4

Both determine the mean level of nitrogen in the water and determine the average level of nitrogen in the water.

Front 5

Which of the following is not an example for how statistics are used?

Back 5

Determining the context of how data was gathered.

Front 6

Environmentalism stemming from the publication of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring differed from earlier North American conservation perspectives by

Back 6

Placing more emphasis on pollution problems

Front 7

At the end of the 20th century _______ has been added to environmental thinking

Back 7

Global concerns

Front 8

Evidence of progress in dealing with increasing population problems is best illustrated by

Back 8

An decrease in the average number of children born to each woman.

Front 9

Poverty is passed on from one generation to the next primarily through

Back 9

The lack of available opportunities.

Front 10

Proponents of sustainable development argue that

Back 10

development can proceed with minimal costs to the environment.

Front 11

What is the probability of getting tails 4 times in a row when you flip a coin?

Back 11

1 in 16

Front 12

Compared to poorer countries, which of the following is not true of richer nations?

Back 12

They have higher fertility.

Front 13

Parsimony is one of the basic principles of science

Back 13

True

Front 14

What would be considered to be an area in environmental science where we are seeing progress toward sustainability?

Back 14

Renewable energy

Front 15

The concept that a resource that is degraded by the increasing populations that utilize the resource without any regulation of that resource is referred to as

Back 15

The tragedy of the commons.

Front 16

The relationship among atoms, elements, and compounds is most like the relationship among which of the following groupings

Back 16

Grains of sugar, sugar, and sweetened iced tea.

Front 17

Which of the following is not a molecule?

Back 17

C

Front 18

Energy is the ability to

Back 18

Both move objects and transfer heat from one object to another are true.

Front 19

Potential energy is _____ energy

Back 19

Stored

Front 20

Metabolism can be seen as the process of converting

Back 20

Potential energy into kinetic energy.

Front 21

The first law of thermodynamics and the law of conservation of matter are similar in that

Back 21

under normal circumstances neither energy nor matter is created nor destroyed.

Front 22

What implication(s) does the second law of thermodynamics have for biological systems?

Back 22

A constant supply of energy is necessary for maintenance of biological systems.

Front 23

Photosynthesis is the process of converting __________ into __________ energy.

Back 23

Solar energy; chemical bond.

Front 24

The process of cellular respiration

Back 24

releases energy from chemical bonds of molecules such as glucose.

Front 25

Producers rely on the process of ____________ to release chemical energy and consumers rely on the process of ____________ to release chemical energy.

Back 25

Cellular respiration; cellular respiration

Front 26

____ are characteristics of an entire system that are greater than the sum of its parts.

Back 26

Emergent properties

Front 27

How do the organisms living around Yellowstone's hot springs get energy?

Back 27

From chemosynthesis

Front 28

Nitrogen is an essential component of amino acids and proteins.

Back 28

True

Front 29

Water expands when it crystallizes and freezes

Back 29

True

Front 30

If you were to remove the top predator in a food web or food chain

Back 30

the producer population will be depleted because there are more primary consumers or herbivores.

Front 31

There is/are usually _______ tolerance limit(s) responsible for limiting the number and location of a species. However, some organisms have ____________ that limit(s) their distribution.

Back 31

Many; a specific critical factor.

Front 32

What would you label the range of temperature from 90F to 94F for this particular species?

Back 32

Zone of psychological stress.

Front 33

What is the difference in the adaptation of a sled dog's (such as a Husky) thick coat of hair to help it withstand the cold temperatures of Arctic winters and a dog that adapts to cold temperatures in the fall by growing a thickened coat? The adaptation of the sled dog best describes adaptation at the ____________ level while the dog exposed to seasonal colder temperatures has _____________.

Back 33

Population; psychological modifications at the population level.

Front 34

Evolution occurs as a result of

Back 34

better survival or reproduction rates by individuals with a particular characteristic.

Front 35

An especially effective strategy for reducing intraspecific competition is

Back 35

Different ecological niches for juveniles and adults.

Front 36

Symbiosis means

Back 36

Living together

Front 37

An organism's biotic potential is the maximum number of offspring

Back 37

That it can produce.

Front 38

A dieback, or population crash, often occurs after a species ________ its environmental carrying capacity.

Back 38

Overshoots

Front 39

In the real world, many factors determine the numbers of organisms in any one population. Yet, a SUPERFLY with unlimited food and no mortality would show what type of growth?

Back 39

J-shaped curve

Front 40

A biological community's productivity is a measure of

Back 40

The amount of biomass produced in the community.

Front 41

Complexity in an ecological community has to do with the number of

Back 41

Species at each trophic level.

Front 42

A community with hundreds of different types of primary producers, a few herbivores, and only one carnivore, has

Back 42

Little complexity.

Front 43

Primary succession occurs when a community develops ____________ while secondary succession occurs when one ________.

Back 43

On unoccupied ground; biological community replaces another.

Front 44

Two unpalatable or dangerous species which have warning patterns or colors and appear similar are an example of _________________.

Back 44

Mullerian mimicry

Front 45

Which of the following is not generally true of k-selected species compared to r-selected species?

Back 45

They have shorter generation times.

Front 46

Generally speaking wealthy, developed nations have a smaller human ecological footprint than poorer, less developed nations.

Back 46

False

Front 47

A population growing at 1% per year should double in about ___ years.

Back 47

70

Front 48

In the formula I=PAT, which of the following would be representative of the 'A'?

Back 48

Driving an SUV.

Front 49

Which country listed below would you expect to have the highest ecological footprint?

Back 49

USA

Front 50

The concept that describes the amount of land required to produce the goods and services that are required for an individual to live his or her particular lifestyle is the

Back 50

Ecological footprint concept.

Front 51

A population would have zero population growth if

Back 51

births + immigration = deaths + emmigration.

Front 52

The annual percentage rate of this population is...

Back 52

2.0%

Front 53

Technological optimists argue that technological advances have...

Back 53

proven Malthus wrong in his predictions of famine and disaster.

Front 54

Malthus and Marx

Back 54

disagreed about the root causes of overpopulation, poverty, and social upheaval.

Front 55

The demographic transition refers to a country's change from...

Back 55

high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates.

Front 56

Many demographers believe that birth rates generally decrease as the level of development increases because

Back 56

women tend to have more influence in family planning.

Front 57

Which of the following demographic categories best identifies Country "A"?

Back 57

Developed

Front 58

The graph indicates that there is...

Back 58

a strong relationship between infant mortality and education for women.

Front 59

Which of the following is a mechanical barrier to conception?

Back 59

Condoms

Front 60

One of the _________ effective ways to stabilize populations is to _________.

Back 60

Most; decrease child mortality.