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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ore |
rock that contains enough of a mineral to make mining profitable
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Mineral |
= Materials that occur naturallyin the earths crust.
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Mineral reserves |
known deposits,currently economic
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mineral resources |
= total resourceincl. estimates of not yet found and non -economic deposits
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Mineral deposits form by what processes? Give examples of minerals formed. 1 2 3 4 |
1. magmatic concentrations: some Fe, Ni, Crores 2
2. hydrothermal processes: Au, Ag, Cu, Pb,Zn 3.sedimentary processes:Fe (iron sand), Au,gravel 4.evaporation: NaCl, other salts |
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types of mineral utilization |
exploration, extraction and refining |
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what are the two types of mineral extraction ? |
- surface
- underground |
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the purpose of refining is to? |
concentrate & removeimpurities
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- often > 80 % of mined ore is?
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waste or tailings |
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depletion time |
= estimated time for 80 %of known reserves to be expended.
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why is depletion time difficult to predict |
- finding new reserves- finding substitutes- inc. reuse, recycle- new extraction technology- cost of energy
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As a mineral gets scarcer.... |
price goes up =>economic to minelower grade ores =>environ. impacts rise
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methods to prolong mining supplies |
1. discover new deposits 2. conservation - reduce, reuse, recycle 3. dematerialisation 4. do without 5. substitution 6. mine lower grade ores 7. new technology |
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water pollution due to mining results from |
extraction and processing
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air pollution in mining resulted from |
Discharges from smelting and coalburning
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