Environmental Science

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ecology

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study of the interactions of organisms with one another and their environment

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abiotic

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nonliving factors such as water, soil, light, and temperature

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biotic

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all of the organisms that live together and interact with one another

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the first level of environmental organization

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individual organism

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second level of environmental organization

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population

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third level of environmental organization

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community

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fourth level of environmental organization

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ecosystem

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fifth level of environmental organization

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biosphere

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population

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a group of organisms of the same species that live in a specific geographical area

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community

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all of the population of species that live in the same habitat and interact with each other

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ecosystem

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a community of organisms and their abiotic environment

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biosphere

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the part of earth where life exists

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organism that use sunlight directly to make food

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producers

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most producers are

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plants, but algae and some bacteria are producers

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consumer

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organism that eat other organisms

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herbivore

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an organism that eats only plants

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carnivore

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an organism that eats animals

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omnivores

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organisms that eats both plants and animals

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decomposers

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organism that get energy by breaking down dead organims

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examples of deconposers

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bacteria and fungi

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scavenger

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eat dead plants and animals

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food chain

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a diagram that shows how energy flows from one organism to another

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food web

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diagram that shows the feeding relationship between organisms in an ecosystem

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energy pyramid

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diagram that shows an ecosystem loss of energy

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limiting factor

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a resource that is so scarce that it limits the size of a population

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carrying capacity

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the largest population that an environment can support

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competition

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when two or more individuals or populations try to use the same resource, such as food, water, sheltler, space, or sunlight

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prey

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an organism that is killed and eaten by another organism

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predator

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an organization that eats all or part of another organism

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camouflage

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blending in with the background

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symbiosis

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a relationship in which two different organisms live in close association with each other

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mutalism

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a relationship between two species in which both species benefit

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commensalism

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a relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other in unaffected

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parasitism

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a relationship between two species in which one species the parasite, benefits from the other species, the host, which is harmed

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coevolution

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the evolution of two species that is due to mutual influence often in a way that makes the relationship more beneficial

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pollinators

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an organism that carries pollen from one flower to another

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a community of organisms and their environment is called an

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ecosystem

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nature's recyclers are

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decomposers

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correct order in a food chain

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sun-producer-herbivores-carnivore-scavenger

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a benefical association between coral and algea is an example of

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mutalism

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which organism does the base of an energy pyramid represent

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producers

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remoras and sharks have a relationship that is best described as

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commensalism

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how do limiting factors affect the carrying capacity of an environment

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more limiting factor greater carrying capacity

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which level in a energy pyramid has the most energy

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the bottom

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biomes

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areas on earth with similar climate, plants, and animals

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four biomes

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temperate forests, temperate grasslands, chaparals, temperate desserts

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temp. forest

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high amounts of rain in the fall and seasonal temperature differnce

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temp. grassland

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too little rainfall for trees to grow

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chaparals

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cool, wet winters and hot dry summers

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temp. desert

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cold deserts have very cold nights and hot days

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polar zone is

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north and south pole