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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the O Horizon?
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Organic Matter
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What is the A Horizon?
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Topsoil
mineral particles mixed with organic shit |
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E Horizon?
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Zone of leaching
-depleted of soluble nutrients |
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The B Horizon?
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Sub-soil
has dense texture |
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C Horizon?
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parent material
-weathered rock fragments |
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What is erosion?
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the natural process, resulting in redistribution of products of geologic weathering and is part of both soil formation and soil loss
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T or F
Agriculture accounts for largest single share of global H20 use |
True
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What percentage of irrigation H20 never reaches its destination?
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80 percent
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Fertilizers are used because of lack of what three nutrients?
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Nitrogen, Potassium, and Phosphorus
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What do GMO's contain?
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DNA processing genes borrowed from unrelated species
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What percentage of GMO's is all processed food in North America?
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60%
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Managing Topography deals with what 3 concepts?
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Contour Plowing
Strip farming Terracing |
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What is contour plowing?
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plowing across slope to slow flow of water
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What is strip farming?
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planting diff. crops in alternating strips along land contours
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What is terracing?
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Shaping land to create level shelves of earth to hold water and soil
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What cause highest reates of erosion b/c they leave soil bare for much of the year?
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row crops
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What do they do to fix this problem of row crops?
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-leave crop residue after harvest
-mulch -plant cover crops |
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What is health?
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state of physical, mental, and soical well being
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What is a change in body's condition in response to an env. factor?
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Disease
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What are examples of infectious organisms?
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-salmonella
-malria -giardia |
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What is known as a disease never known before or has been absent for at least 20 yrs?
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Emergent Disease
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What is the difference bwt. Hazardous chemicals and Toxic Chemicals?
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Hazardous are dangerous
Toxic are posionous |
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what are mutagens?
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agents that dmage or alter DNA
-radiation |
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What are teratogens?
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Specifically cause abnormalities during embryonic growth and dev.
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Carcinogens cause?
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cancer
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What is described as how, where, and when a toxic material will move through the env. or body to site of action?
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Solubility
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What is the selective absorption and storage of a great variety of molecules?
This allows them to do what? |
Bioaccumulation
-allows them to aquire nutrients and essential minerals but at same time absorb harmful substances |
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What is Biomagnification?
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When the toxic burden of a large number of org. at a lower trophic level is accumulated and concentrated by a predator in a higher trophic level
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Persistance deals with some chemicals that are unstable and degrade quickly and what else?
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Chemicals that are stable, toxic, and stored for a long period of time
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Antagonistic reactions are mostly beneficial
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true
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Which chem. interaction is when one material interfers with the effects or stimulates breakdown of other chem?
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Antagonistic
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When one sub. multiplies the effect of the other?
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Synergistic Reaction
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What does ED 50 show?
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dose which 50 percent show effects
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When dose is given and it 50% of pop die
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LD50
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What happens in a threshold?
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Below it shows no effect and above causes an effect
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Long lasting, result of single, large does or repeated smaller does over long term.
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Chronic
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single exposure and result in immediate health problem
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Acute
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the 4 steps in Risk Assessment
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1. ID the Hazard
2. Dose at which problem arises 3. Duration of frequency of exposure 4. Risk characterization -mag of problem for humans and env. |
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The 3 greenhoue gases
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CO2
methane CFC's |
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The composition and behavior of the troposphere control what?
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weather
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what are long-term weather patterns?
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Climate
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minute particles and liquid droplets
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aerosals
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what is the troposphere?
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the layer of air immediately adjacent to earth's surface
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redistribute heat and moisture around the globe
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Convection currents
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What level has no water vapor and nearly 1,000 times more ozone?
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Stratosphere
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Where the aurora borealis and aurora australis occur.
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Thermosphere
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Contaminants can remain in suspension in the stratosphere for a long time
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true
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What is the current evidence of Climate Change
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Artic sea ice thinning
alpine glaciers retreating coral reefs bleaching sea level rising |
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What is a positive effect for the winners in Greenhouse effect?
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resident of extreme northern areas would enjoy warmer temp. and longer growing seasons
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The negatives of Greenhouse effect?
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-1/3 pop. living in areas likely to flood
-plant growth patterns altered -evaporation may cause storms -diseases likely to spread faster |
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What is the most harmful UV rays?
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UVB's which are partially absorbed
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