Environmental Health Exam 3

Front 1

What are mutagens, teratogens, or carcinogens?

Back 1

These are examples of some of the most hazardous chemicals. A mutagen damages DNA. A teratogen causes birth defects. perhaps the most prevalent teratogen in the world is alcohol. A carcinogen causes cancer.

Front 2

What are biological hazards?

Back 2

Hazards that may be transmittable or non-transmittable. Non-transmittable - can not be spread from one person to another (diabetes or cancer). Transmittable - are caused by bacteria, viruses, protozoa, etc and can be spread from one source, e.g., an infected person, to a new host (cold, flu, and many others. Some transmittable diseases are spread by vectors like flies and mosquitoes

Front 3

What is a vector?

Back 3

a living transmitter of disease

Front 4

What is Malaria, and how is Malaria spread?

Back 4

A type of biological hazard caused by a parasite and many tropical areas are affected by the disease of malaria.

If the world gets warmer, it may spread.

A mosquito vector bites someone with the disease and the malaria protozoa grows inside the mosquito

if the mosquito bites another person, that person develops the disease

Front 5

How do we prevent biological hazards?

Back 5

reducing overcrowding, unsafe drinking water, poor sanitation, inadequate health care systems, malnutrition, and poverty

increase funding for disease monitoring

sharply reduce antibiotic use to prevent evolution of resistant organisms;

protect biodiversity as a means of reducing disease spread

increase research

Front 6

What percent of earth's water is freshwater?

Back 6

3%

Front 7

how do we define freshwater (vs saltwater)?

Back 7

has a salt content of less than 0.01% or 100ppm

Front 8

what are some major impacts of water shortage?

Back 8

conflicts

public health problems

reduce food production

endanger to the environment

Front 9

Be able to describe the hydrologic cycle

Back 9

water rises into the atmosphere by evaporation and transpiration.
water leaves the atmosphere by condensation and precipitation

Front 10

which is more likely to be polluted, surface water or ground water?

Back 10

surface water

Front 11

What is the mountain effect?

Back 11

wind moving up the side of a mountain cools and water vapor condenses resulting in precipitation

Front 12

What is meant by water infiltration?

Back 12

ground water seeps laterally until it finds the lowest area level

aquifers are layers of porous material in which ground water moves

recharge area is an area where water enters an aquifer

as the water percolates through the soil, debris and bacteria are filtered out

Front 13

What are two types of water discharge and how does this relate to surface water?

Back 13

seeps and springs feed streams, lakes, and rivers

ground water eventually becomes surface water and begins to evaporate again

Front 14

What are 3 major human impacts on water?

Back 14

changing the Earths surface

pollution

withdrawals for use

Front 15

Describe the ways that pollution of the water cycle occurs

Back 15

many sources od water pollution: agricultural run off, leaking landfills, air pollution becomes water pollution when it rains, industrial pollution, even residential - storm sewer runoff. this a more serious problem in surface water than in ground water.