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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Illness is acquired by consumption of contaminated food |
foodborne diseases and infections |
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US surveillance of foodborne illness: who maintains responsibility at the federal level? |
CDC. |
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what are the 4 major categories of food hazards |
1. biological 2. physical e.g., stone, glass, metal 3. chemical |
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these organisms may induce human illness following the consumption of raw or undercooked infected beef or pork |
tapeworms |
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gastrointestinal virus transmitted easily within closed environments such as cruise ships |
Norovirus |
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has been linked casually to bovine spongiform encephalopathy, which human cases thought due to dietary exposure to BSE- contaminated tissues. |
Variant Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease (vCJD) |
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regulation of food safety |
Food and drug administration (FDA) is the US agency charged with regulation and enforcement of food safety. US Department of Agriculture (USDA) regulates the safety of meat and poultry products |
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does not deal with meat and poultry |
FDA |
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regulates meat and poultry, dry and liquid eggs |
USDA pg 306-309 |
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Delaney clause |
part of the food additives amendment, 1958. Prohibited the use of additives, including pesticides, that had been determined to cause cancer in human beings or animals. |
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GRAS= |
Generally recognized as safe. The GRAS rule permitted the use of additives that had an established history of safe use in foods. |
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Foodborne disease prevention: safe holding temperatures |
keep foods above 140°F for hot foods and below 40°F for foods that are kept in cold storage. The range between 40°F and 140°F is the danger zone. |
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method of food preservation used for meats and some fruits |
Irradiation. during the process, energy from ionizing radiation passes through foods and destroys bacteria and other pathogens. |
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What does MSW stand for |
municipal solid waste. This is trash or garbage. 13 tons dumped per day in our local landfills. |
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What is the largest contributor of the MSW stream? |
The largest contributor is paper. 30 to 40%. |
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What are the 4 dimensions of MSW disposal? |
Recycling landfilling composting combustion |
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what is the EPA's hierarchy for management of MSW? |
From more favorite to less favored. - Source reduction - recycling -disposal |
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what does PAYT stand for |
pay as you throw |
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what items can not be composted? |
Fats, oils and greases can not be composted. |
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How a landfill works: after the garbage is covered, anaerobic bacteria aid in the decomposition of organic materials and produce methane gas. How many inches of daily cover of soil and what is the final inch amount of cover soil? |
6 inches on daily cover of soil. 24 inches final cover of soil. |
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dangers associated with landfills: What are the 3 gases produced at landfills? |
Methane carbon dioxide hydrogen sulfide |
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what are megafills? |
Megafills taken from 5000 to 10,000 tons of trash per day and serve regional needs for waste disposal. Tend to be more cost-effective than incinerators for disposal of solid waste. |
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Medical waste: who would be at risk for exposure? |
Anyone who is occupationally exposed on-site. |
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Primary stage of sewage treatment. |
The primary stage aims to remove large materials, which can be composted or shipped to landfills. |
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Secondary stage of sewage treatment: |
secondary processing promotes microbial digestion of organic material that remains in the sewage. microorganisms that are present naturally in sewage or that may be added to enhance microbial action aid in the digestion of the liquor during aeration. |
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Tertiary stage of sewage treatment: |
Tertiary (high level) processing is directed at removal of remaining solids and microorganisms from the liquid portion of sewage. Various methods exist for high-level processing including filtration through sand and charcoal filters and deactivation of microorganisms (disinfection) by using chlorine or UV radiation.
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Love Canal: |
was the former site for disposal of toxic wastes. Later used for residential construction. Became identified with hazardous chemical exposures and their possible harmful influences on human health. Led to the creation of the Superfund. |
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The waste and wastewater produced by residential and commercial sources and discharged into sewers. |
Definition of sewage. |
