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107 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What does analgesic mean?
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State of non-pain
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What are the 3 natural sources of aspirin?
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birch, willow, aspen
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4 positive aspects of aspirin?
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anti-pyretic, anti-inflammatory, lowers blood pressure, possible anti-cancer agent
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4 side effects of aspirin?
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Can upset stomach, ulcer of the stomach, allergy to aspirin, reyes syndrom
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What is Aleve chemical name
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neuproxen sodium
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What are the 2 advantages of ibuprofen or neuproxen over aspirin?
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No reyes syndrom and very little upset stomach
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What is tylenol known as?
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Acetaminophen
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2 postives aspects of tylenol?
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Good anti-pyretic and good analgesic
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Side effect of Tylenol?
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Can cause liver and kidney damage especially with alcohol
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Where do opiates come from?
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Poppy plant
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Name 3 narcotics from the poppy plant?
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morphine, codeine, and heroin
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Side effect of narcotics?
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Addiction
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Two symptoms of physical addiction?
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1. Build a tolerance of the drug
2. Withdrawal- physical change in the body |
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Two side effects of stimulants
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Increase in blood pressure
Depress appetite |
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Two types of mild stimulants
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caffeine and nicotine
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What is a strong stimulant?
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Natural strong stimulant in the body. adrenaline
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What effect do sedatives/depressants have on the body?
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They slow the breathing process and less oxygen gets to the brain
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Example of a mild sedative?
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antihistamines
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Example of a strong sedative?
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Barbiturates
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Hallucinogenics are ...
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mind altering
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Chemical in marijuana?
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THC- tetrahydrocannibal
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What is hash?
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Resin of hemp
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Where does mesculine come from?
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peyote cactus
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What is psilocybin?
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Mushroom
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Where does bufotenine come from?
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seed of morning glory
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Natural source of LSD?
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moldy rye grain
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Carbohydrates are a source of...
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quick energy
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Proteins are a source of...
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total energy
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Proteins are a source of...
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new tissue
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Order in which the body digests...(4)
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alcohol, carbs, fats, proteins
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Carbs are made of what 2 main groups?
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sugars and starches
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Identify what each sugar is: glucose, fructose, lactose, sucrose.
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1. blood sugar
2. fruit sugar 3. milk sugar 4. table sugar |
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What does it mean when someone is lactose intolerant?
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lack of an enzyme need to break down lactate. lactose is not broken down in the intestines which leads to CO2 gas and H2o (cramps)
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5 categories of food in a well balanced diet?
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carbs, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals
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Examples of simple sugars?
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Monosaccarides: Glucose, Fructose, Galactose
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Examples of disaccarides?
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Lactose, sucrose
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Why do marathon runners eat pasta the night before
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Carbs are an excellent source of energy. When glucose levels rise isulin is released which converts glucose to glycogen.
Want a lot of glycogen storage in muscles. Excercising burns fat and glucose. whe you excercise energy initially comes from glucose and then from stored glycogen. Body tries to maintain a constant level of glucose. if level drops glycogen will be released. |
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2 examples of saturated fat oils
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coconut and palm oil
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How many essential amino acids are there?
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20
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What are vitamins
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Catalysts within the body
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4 fat soluble vitamins?
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A,D,E,K
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water soluble vitamins
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B's and C's
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Vitamin A can be found in? Function?
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red/orange veggies. good for eye site
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Vitamin D can be found in? Function?
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Green leafy veggies, milk. absorbs calcium. can absorb too much (kidney stones)
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Vitamin E can be found in? Function?
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green leafy veggies and nuts. protects cells from premature aging.
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Vitamin K can be found in? Function?
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fruits and veggies. helps prevent blood clotting
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Vitamin B1/B2 function?
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helps body break down carbs to energy. co-enzymes
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Vitamin B6 function? hazard?
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helps body break down fats (cholestorol). can lead to blindness
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Vitamin C can be found in? Function?
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Citrus fruits. Essential for making collagen, prevents scurvy.
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Iron can be found in? Function? what ones are needed/toxic?
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meat beans. red blood cells. anemia is a lack of iron. Fe+2 needed. Fe+3 toxic
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Calcium, Magnesium, phospate are needed for?
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strong bones and teeth
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Sodium potasium and chloride are all? Needed for?
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Electrolytes. Conducts electrical signal for muscles to move. Too little will lead to dehydration.
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Copper's Function?
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needed for protein production
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Zinc's function
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convert carbs to energy
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What is the ratio of copper to zinc
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20 to 1. If it goes above then there is uncontolled cell growth and production
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Salmonella and e. coli can be killed with?
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A temp of 140 F
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Two major sources of e. coli?
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Unsanitary conditions and hamburger/chicken with red/pink
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What causes botulism? Two biggest canned goods with botulism. How it can be prevented?
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Underprocessed canned goods. fish and mushrooms. Pressure canning and adding food to acid (vinegar)
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What does GRAS stand for?
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Generally Regarded As Safe
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What does a preservative do?
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Kill mold and bacteria
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Why are nitrites added?
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Added to processed meats, kills botulism, fixes red color of meat
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What is sulfite added? where is it added? What can it cause?
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Add sulfur dioxide to prevent browning. wine. asmatic attacks and migraines.
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What three things are needed to form nitrosamine? Why is it bad? What is added to prevent?
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Nitrite + amine + HCL. Cancer causing. Ascorbic acid (vitamin c)
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What is methyl salicylate?
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mint flavor
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What are flavor enhancers? Biggest example?
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intensify exsisting flavors without a flavor of their own. MSG
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What 2 things do coloring agents do?
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Restore food to familiar color and replace sensitive natural colors
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2 red dyes on market right now?
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red # 3 and red # 40
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2 blue dyes on market right now?
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Blue # 1 and Blue # 2
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2 yellow dyes on market right now?
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yellow # 5 and yellow # 6
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1 green dye on market right now?
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green # 3
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What is a questionable side effect of artificial coloring?
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Hyperactivity in children
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What do leavening agents do?
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make a raised baked product, put holes in the product
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What do sweeteners do?
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Cover a poor flavor or provide a sweet taste
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What do flavoring agents do?
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Replace expensive and unstable natural flavors (esters, over 1200)
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5 disposal methods of solid waste?
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1. Open dump
2. Incinerators 3. Sanitary landfill 4. Trash to energy 5. Recycle |
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Composition of municipal waste? 4 examples
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paper, glass, iron, plastic
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What is the cost per ton per person? collection? disposal?
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collection - 30-40
disposal- 75-100 |
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4 disposal methods of hazardous waste?
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1. Shipped out of state
2. Incinerate 3. Landfill 4. Well injection - past water table |
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4 Problems with open dump?
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Air pollution, water pollution, vermin, insects
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2 Problems with incincerators
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Air pollution, water pollution (ash)
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5 Problems with recycling
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1. Quality of product (plastic grades)
2.Location of materials (transportation costs) 3.Psychology of "used" 4.Federal regulations prevent use of some recycled materials 5. No tax advantage. Tax credit for new materials. |
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Example of low-level and high-level nuclear waste
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radioactive waste
fuel rods from nuclear power plants |
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What year was OSCA founded in?
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1972
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4 Groups of people not covered by OSCA?
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1. Military personnel
2. Self-employed 3. Family farmer 4. Already covered by another agency |
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What does OSCA do?
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adopts regulations from trade and professional organizations and from federal agencies
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4 OSCA regulations most violated
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1. Egress (Exit)
2. Electrical 3. Machinery 4. Noise - excessive |
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4 adverse effects of loud noises
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1. Loss of hearing
2. Decrease in eyesight 3. Increase in blood pressure 4. Increase in stomach acid production |
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4 rules about exits
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1. Must be free of obstructions
2. Cannot cover an exit 3. Must open outwards if more than 50 people 4. Must be clearly marked |
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3 examples of complex carbs?
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glycogen, cellulose, and starch
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How are animal proteins are complete?
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contain all 20 amino acids
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How are veggies lacking?
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missing one or more of the amino acids
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3 characteristics of fat soluble vitamins
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1. Stored in the body
2. Not required on a daily basis 3. Can be toxic |
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3 characteristics of water soluble vitamins
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1. Not stored in the body
2. Needed on a daily basis 3. Almost non-toxic |
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Five major categories of food additives
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1. Preservatives
2. Sweetners 3. Flavoring agents 4. Flavor Enhancers 5. Coloring Agents |
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What is FD & C
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Food drug and cosmetic use approved
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4 alternatives to pesticides
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1. Predators
2. Pathogens 3. Parasites 4. Sex Attractants |
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3 different kinds of solid waste?
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municipal, hazardous, nuclear
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What is the most toxic longest lasting
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inorganics: toxic metals
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Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
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DDT
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3 propertities of inorganic
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1. Very toxic
2. Last forever 3. Magnify up food chain |
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3 properties of hydrocarbons?
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1. Toxic and cancer causing
2. Last for years 3. Magnify up the food chain |
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2 properties of Phosphates. example?
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1. extremely toxic
2.30 days parathion |
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What is another name for flea and tick sprays
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Carbamates
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Chrysanthemums
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pyrethum
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hot peppers
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piperonyl butoxide
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daisy root
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rotenone
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tobacco
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nicotine
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