Environmental Ethics

Front 1

biocentrism

Back 1

all living things have moral standing

Front 2

anthropocentrism

Back 2

only humans have moral standing. Only values nature to the extent that it values humans

Front 3

Individualism

Back 3

only individuals have moral standing

Front 4

Holism

Back 4

groups (such as ecosystems and species) have moral standing. Ecosystem itself is more important. Kill a monkey to save the last squirrel

Front 5

Sentiocentric

Back 5

give moral standing to beings that have the ability to feel

Front 6

Speciesism

Back 6

discriminating solely based on the fact that they are a different species

Front 7

Contractarinism

Back 7

We sign a contract that is a set of rules that individuals abide by. Morality is a contract. Animals (and traditionaly women) cannot enter. We cover those who are unable to sign. This denies the fact that we have a direct duty to those who do not have a sense of justice.

Front 8

"Warrens Weak Theory"

Back 8

More value needs to be given to rationality. The rational have more rights, the less rational have fewer rights

Front 9

biocentric egalitarianism

Back 9

all living beings have equal inherent worth

Front 10

Ecocentric

Back 10

Moral consideration for ecosystem. Leopold, Deep Ecologists